Companies are facing increasing pressure to both maintain profitability and behave in socially responsible ways, yet researchers have provided little information on how corporate social responsibility impacts profitability. This paper reports the findings from in-depth interviews of consumers to determine their views concerning the social responsibilities of companies. A typology of consumers whose purchasing behavior ranges from unresponsive to highly responsive to corporate social responsibility was developed from the analysis.According to a recent Gallup poll (1997), the public has less confidence in big business than other institutions such as the military, the police, public schools, and newspapers. The only institutions ranking lower in consumer confidence were Congress and the criminal justice system. Concurrently, firms are under increasing pressure to give money to charities, protect the environment, and help solve social problems in their communities-in other words, to behave in socially responsible ways. Although academics and business leaders have engaged in a great deal of debate about the social responsibilities of business, there has been little research on what the general public expects. As a result, those who run corporations lack a clear understanding of what the public wants from them and how far they are expected to go toward helping their communities.

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[1] Coastal upwelling zones may be at enhanced risk from ocean acidification as upwelling brings low aragonite saturation state (Ω Ar ) waters to the surface that are further suppressed by anthropogenic CO 2 . Ω Ar was calculated with pH, pCO 2 , and salinity-derived alkalinity time series data from autonomous pH and pCO 2 instruments moored on the Oregon shelf and shelf break during different seasons from 2007 to 2011. Surface Ω Ar values ranged between 0.66 AE 0.04 and 3.9 AE 0.04 compared to an estimated pre-industrial range of 1.0 AE 0.1 to 4.7 AE 0.1. Upwelling of high-CO 2 water and subsequent removal of CO 2 by phytoplankton imparts a dynamic range to Ω Ar from 1.0 to~4.0 between spring and autumn. Freshwater input also suppresses saturation states during the spring. Winter Ω Ar is less variable than during other seasons and is controlled primarily by mixing of the water column.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in consumers' attributions of blame for service failures and its affect on their expectations for recovery in both online and offline settings. Design/methodology/approach -A sample of non-student adults participated in a 2 (service type) by 2 (shopping medium) experimental design testing the affects of on-and offline shopping on consumers' attributions of blame for a service failure. Specifically, regression is employed to test the effects of on/offline medium on blame and expected service failure recovery in both the airline and banking industries. Findings -Empirical support is found for the hypotheses that online subjects blame themselves more for service failures, and, in turn, expect less of a recovery than offline consumers. The on/offline medium is shown to have a mediated effect on expected service failure recovery through blame in the airline data. In the bank data, on/offline medium has a significant affect on blame, and blame has a significant affect on expected service failure recovery, though on/offline medium does not show a mediated affect on expected service failure recovery. Practical implications -Because online customers tend to blame themselves more for service failures, managers may be able to offer less of service failure recovery online than offline. Furthermore, online customers may be more willing to recover for themselves, thereby saving the firm money and placing customers more in control of their service experience. Originality/value -This study allows for the possibility of consumers' blaming themselves for service failures and, to our knowledge, this is the first study to examine how attribution for service failure affects expected service failure recovery in both on-and offline settings. Managers should find our results useful in developing service failure recovery strategies.