No abstract

Tigecycline is a potential candidate for a topical ocular antibiotic.

Operators for deepwater and extended-reach wells, where daily rig costs can exceed $500k per day, are continuously exploring methods to reduce nonproductive time (NPT) and increase operational efficiency. For example, a common point of focus is liner string deployments in deepwater and highly deviated applications that predominantly employ hydraulic liner hangers. This paper presents a new liner hanger system that uses simple mud flow signals to remotely communicate with a downhole controller on the work string. The controller receives the specific activation signal from the surface and then relays that signal to the liner hanger or running tool via an acoustic signal. The results of the first test trial of the remote liner hanger system controller will be discussed. The traditional method for setting a hydraulic liner hanger includes the use of single or multiple activation balls being dropped from the surface so that pressure can be applied to the work string to function the hydraulic liner hanger and running tool. However, in deepwater and extended-reach applications, many operational issues experienced with running hydraulic liner hangers are related to not landing the ball on seat, which can lead to days of NPT. Developing a liner hanger system that does not rely on dropping activation balls from the surface nor rely on pipe manipulation can reduce the time required to run the liner hanger and minimize issues that lead to higher NPT. This new system does not require dropping activation balls from the surface, reducing the amount of running tools in the work string and the amount of time required to set the liner hanger. The system also allows the use of a solid liner hanger body, eliminating the potential leak paths inherent to hydraulic liner hangers. The results will demonstrate the first deployment of the remote system controller in a well, confirming that it detects various remote commands from the surface. The results will also demonstrate how the system enables operators to choose the activation method depending on the well and rig conditions, for example, varying the flow rate activation signals. This system and method can improve well construction efficiencies and is a step in the direction of a smarter and safer oilfield through more automated operations.

No abstract

Background Lentils have potential to increase satiety and may contribute to a body weight management strategy; however, the effects on satiety of replacing common food ingredients with lentils within food products remain largely unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of replacing wheat and rice with 2 lentil varieties within muffins and chilies on satiety, test-meal food intake, and 24-h energy intake. Methods Healthy adults consumed muffins or chilies in which wheat or rice was substituted with green (61.8 g) or red (54 g) lentils in 2 randomized crossover studies (muffin study: n = 24, mean ± SE age: 25.4 ± 0.9 y, BMI (in kg/m2): 23.2 ± 0.5; chili study: n = 24, age: 25.7 ± 1.0 y, BMI: 23.2 ± 0.5), with ≥1-wk washout periods between study visits and studies. Subjective appetite sensations measured over 180 min were summarized with total area under the curve (AUC), food intake was measured at an ad libitum test meal, and 24-h energy intake was measured using weighed food records. Treatment effects were compared within each study using repeated-measures ANCOVA (subjective appetite sensations) and ANOVA (food intake, 24-h energy intake). Results Green, but not red, lentil chili significantly increased fullness AUC (17.5%, P = 0.02) and decreased desire to eat AUC (20.1%, P = 0.02) and prospective food consumption AUC (16.7%, P = 0.04) compared with rice chili, with no significant differences between chili treatments for test-meal food intake or 24-h energy intake. Muffin treatments did not significantly differ for any outcomes. Conclusions Replacing rice with green, but not red lentils within chili increases satiety but does not decrease food intake, whereas replacing wheat with lentils within muffins does not increase satiety or decrease food intake in healthy adults. Further study of the role of lentil replacement in food products in body weight management is warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03128684.