The first example of a spiropyran-incorporated metal-organic framework was synthesised via a two-step post-synthesis modification of the Zr-oxo nodes in MOF-808. The incorporated spiropyran could not otherwise be obtained via the analogous one-step de novo synthesis. The resulting MOF-808-SP showed a photoresponsive surface area, pore volume and CO 2 uptake, relevant for light-dependent gas separations processes.

Planktonic ecosystems provide a key mechanism for the transfer of CO 2 from the atmosphere to the deep ocean via the so-called "biological pump".Mathematical models of these ecosystems have been used to predict CO 2 uptake in surface waters, and more recently have been embedded in global climate models. While the equilibrium properties of these models are well studied, less attention has been paid to their response to external perturbations, despite the fact that, as a result of the variability of environmental forcing, such ecosystems are rarely, if ever, in equilibrium. Human induced perturbations to these ecosystems, namely the addition of limiting nutrients (e.g. iron) to areas where nitrate is plentiful to accelerate the biological pump, have been proposed as a solution to reduce atmospheric CO 2 . In this study, linear theory is used to determine the structure of initially "unit-norm" perturbations to state variables of a five state variable ecosystem model in steady state, describing Ocean Station P (50 • N 145 • W) in summer, that optimize either instantaneous export flux of organic matter at fixed times or integrated export as the ecosystem relaxes towards equilibrium. A common feature in the optimization experiments for both instantaneous and integrated flux is the synchronization of the oscillatory behavior between two state variables. Because of these oscillations, there is an indirect contribution to the export flux that is non-intuitive. For all perturbations, it is found that the flux to higher trophic levels is the primary contributor to export flux, and, contrary to expectations, the contribution of aggregation is negligible.

Objective: To investigate whether preinjury physical, emotional, cognitive, and sleep symptoms on the Post-Concussion Symptoms Inventory (PCSI) are associated with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) at 4 weeks and whether any associations are moderated by sex or age. Study Setting and Participants: A total of 3063 participants with acute concussion, presenting to 9 Canadian pediatric emergency departments, were enrolled from August 2013 to June 2015. Design: A planned secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort study (Predicting Persistent Post-concussive Problems in Pediatrics or 5P). Primary outcome was PPCS at 4 weeks, defined as 3 or more new or worsening individual symptoms compared with the preinjury score at 28 days on the PCSI. The association between preinjury scores and PPCS was analyzed with a multivariable logistic regression analysis that included preinjury, sex, age, sex × preinjury, and age × preinjury interactions as predictors. Missing baseline covariates were imputed. Results: A total of 2123 (n = 844 [39.8%] girls; median [IQR] age = 12.9 [10.7, 15.0] participants were included in the analysis. Preinjury physical symptom score was associated with PPCS at 4 weeks (χ 2 = 13.87, df = 6, P = .031). The preinjury emotional score also contributed to the variability in PPCS (χ 2 = 11.79, df = 6, P = .067). While girls reported higher preinjury physical, emotional, and cognitive scores than boys, neither sex nor age interacted with preinjury to predict PPCS at 4 weeks. Independent of age and sex, preinjury physical symptoms were associated with PPCS at 4 weeks (OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15-1.70). Conclusion: Preinjury physical symptoms are associated with the probability of having PPCS at 4 weeks postconcussion independent of age and sex. Providers should consider preinjury symptoms to inform prognosis and recovery management.

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