Energy consumption (EC) in Ecuador has increased significantly during the last decades, affecting negatively the financial position of the country since (1) large EC subsidies are provided in its internal market and (2) Ecuador is mostly a crude-oil exporter and oil-derivatives importer country. This research seeks to state the long-run price and income elasticities of energy demand in Ecuador, by analyzing information spanning the period 1970-2015. A co-integration analysis and an estimation by using a Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach considering structural breaks is carried out. Results obtained are robust and suggest that in the long-run energy demand in Ecuador (1) is highly income elastic, (2) has no relationship with its price and (3) has an almost unitary but inverse relationship with the industrial production level. Conclusions and economic policy suggestions are also provided.
En el Ecuador, el sistema de educación superior históricamente se ha caracterizado por la sobrerrepresentación de los sectores más aventajados de la sociedad. En el año 2008, el Ecuador aprobó una nueva Constitución que incorporó nuevas directrices para la educación superior orientadas hacia la consecución de la igualdad de oportunidades. Con el fin de garantizar este principio, se implementó en 2012 el Sistema de Nivelación y Admisión (SNNA). En este contexto, el presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las características y el desempeño de los estudiantes de una facultad de una universidad pública ecuatoriana. Para esto, se aplicó una encuesta a un grupo de estudiantes y se estimó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados sugieren, entre otras cosas, que aún existen sectores sociales con representación casi nula y que el desempeño académico universitario depende significativamente de variables asociadas a factores personales, familiares e institucionales.
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Recepción de manuscrito: 26 de abril de 2019 Aceptación de versión final: 30 de abril de 2019 resumen ¿Es la economía una ciencia? Probablemente no todavía. Con el objetivo de defender tal hipótesis, este artículo reseña algunos líos de las «ciencias económicas», como las diferencias entre una ortodoxia «científica» (pero, en realidad, reduccionista), y una heterodoxia «holista» (pero sin una síntesis que supere la negación de una ortodoxia indiferente), que mantienen a la economía dominada por mitos. Asimismo, se revisan algunos problemas de la noción ortodoxa de racionalidad: una concepción suprahumana del individuo que simplifica -en extremo-su representación matemática. Tales problemas dejan un agrio sabor a quien estudia «ciencias económicas» para realmente entender la realidad social.palabras clave Ciencias económicas, ortodoxia, heterodoxia, racionalidad, límites metodológicos.abstract Is economics a «science»? Probably not yet. With the aim of defending such a hypothesis, this article reviews some «economic science» problems, such as the differences between a «scientific» orthodoxy (which is actually reductionist), and a «holistic» heterodoxy (but unable to propose a synthesis that goes beyond the contradiction against an apathetic orthodoxy), that keep economics dominated by myths. Also, some problems of the orthodox notion of rationality are reviewed: a supra-human conception of individuals used to -extremely-simplify their mathematical representation. These problems leave a bitter mouth-taste to those who studies «economic sciences» to truly understand social reality.keywords Economic sciences, orthodoxy, heterodoxy, rationality, methodological limits.jelcodes A11, B41, Y70.introducción Alguna vez, la economista inglesa Joan Robinson dijo que:Los economistas ortodoxos se han preocupado mucho por hacer exposiciones elegantes acerca de problemas de menor importancia, lo que distrae la atención de sus discípulos de las realidades desagradables del mundo moderno y el desarrollo de la argumentación abstracta ha ido más allá de la posible comprobación empírica. (1842, pág. 22)
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