Hydration is essential for all patients to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Specifically, short-duration, low-volume, outpatient hydration with magnesium supplementation and mannitol forced diuresis (in select patients) represent best practice principles for the safe use of cisplatin. 2017;22:609-619 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings contained within this systematic review show that (a) hydration is essential for all patients to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, (b) short-duration, low-volume, outpatient hydration regimens appear to be safe and feasible, even in patients receiving intermediate- to high-dose cisplatin, (c) magnesium supplementation (8-16 milliequivalents) may limit cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, and (d) mannitol may be considered for high-dose cisplatin and/or patients with preexisting hypertension. These findings have broad implications for clinical practice and represent best practice principles for the prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

The instructions from the Cochrane Handbook for reporting search strategies are not being consistently employed by groups producing Cochrane reviews.

Denture stomatitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting the mucosa underlying complete dentures. It is associated with denture microbial biofilm, poor denture hygiene, poor denture quality, and nocturnal denture use. Numerous treatment methodologies have been used to treat stomatitis; however, a gold standard treatment has not been identified. The aim of this systematic review is to report on the current knowledge available in studies representing a range of evidence on the treatment of denture stomatitis.

Background Several methods have been used to account for measurement error inherent in using ambient concentration of particulate matter < 2.5 μm/m3 (PM2.5) as a proxy for personal exposure. Such methods usually rely on the estimated correlation between ambient and personal PM2.5 concentrations (r). These studies have not been systematically and quantitatively assessed for publication bias or heterogeneity. Methods We searched seven electronic reference databases for studies of the within-participant correlation between ambient and personal PM2.5. Results We identified 567 candidate studies, eighteen (3%) of which met inclusion criteria and were abstracted. The studies were published between 1999 and 2008, representing 619 non-smoking participants aged 6–93 years in seventeen European and North American cities. Correlation coefficients (median 0.54; range 0.09–0.83) were based on a median of eight ambient-personal PM2.5 pairs per participant (range 5 to 20) collected over 27 to 547 days. Overall, there was little evidence for publication bias (funnel plot symmetry tests: Begg’s log rank test, P=0.9; Egger’s regression asymmetry test, P=0.2). However, strong evidence for heterogeneity was noted (Cochran’s Q test for heterogeneity, P < 0.001). European locales, eastern longitudes in North America, higher ambient PM2.5 concentrations, higher relative humidity, and lower between-participant variation in r were associated with increased r. Conclusions Characteristics of participants, studies, and the environments in which they are conducted may affect the accuracy of ambient PM2.5 as a proxy for personal exposure.

Introduction This systematic review examines the excess cost of chronic conditions on the economic burden of cancer survivorship among adults in the US. Areas covered Twelve published studies were identified. Although studies varied substantially in populations, comorbidities examined, methods, and types of cost reported, costs for cancer survivors with comorbidities generally increased with greater numbers of comorbidities or an increase in comorbidity index score. Survivors with comorbidities incurred significantly more in total medical costs, out-of-pocket costs, and costs by service type compared to cancer survivors without additional comorbidities. Expert commentary Cancer survivors with comorbidities bear significant excess out-of-pocket costs and their care is also more expensive to the healthcare system. On-going evaluation of different payment models, care coordination, and disease management programs for cancer survivors with comorbidities will be important in monitoring impact on healthcare costs.