ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to review the evidence for tailored eHealth weight-loss interventions, describing in detail: 1. how tailoring was implemented in these studies and 2. whether these tailored approaches were effective in producing weight loss compared with generic or inactive controls.MethodsA systematic review was carried out. Five databases were searched up until 15 March, 2018, including: EBSCO, Science Direct, Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science, using combinations of the concepts ‘tailoring’, ‘eHealth’ and ‘overweight’.ResultsEight articles relating to six interventions were accepted. Tailoring was carried out in a number of ways, based on, for example, anthropometric data, health-related behaviours (e.g. dietary intake, physical activity), goals (e.g. weight goal), theoretical determinants (e.g. confidence/willingness to change behaviours), psychosocial factors (e.g. social support) and participant location. Systems acquired data using strategies that ranged from online questionnaire administration, to the dynamic gathering of data from web-based diaries, websites, mobile applications and SMS messaging. Tailored interventions were more effective in supporting weight loss than generic or waitlist controls in four of the six articles. Effect sizes were very small to moderate, with evidence for fluctuations in effect sizes and differences of effect between tailoring and non-tailoring interventions, and between tailoring types, over time.ConclusionsWe contribute an enhanced understanding of the variety of methods used for the tailoring of eHealth interventions for weight loss and propose a model for categorising tailoring approaches.

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Seasonal variations in the behavioural and feedback actions of oestradiol in the ewe were examined by determining the ability of various physiological oestradiol concentrations to elicit oestrous behaviour, induce an LH surge, and suppress tonic LH secretion at four times of the year. These tests were performed in acutely ovariectomized animals pretreated with oestradiol and progesterone to minimize seasonal differences in their endocrine status. Although smaller amplitude LH surges were observed in anoestrus, the dose-response curves for the induction of LH surges were virtually identical at all times of the year. Oestradiol was slightly less effective in eliciting oestrous behaviour in anoestrus and during the transition to the breeding season than at other times. This seasonal variation was, however, observed only with relatively low oestradiol concentrations; serum oestradiol levels of 3 pg/ml or greater induced oestrus in almost all ewes regardless of season. In contrast, there was a marked seasonal change in the negative feedback action of oestradiol. In anoestrus, basal oestradiol levels of 1-3 pg/ml suppressed LH to low levels (0.3 ng/ml), whereas in the breeding season, even peak oestradiol concentrations of 10 pg/ml were not able to produce this degree of inhibition. These results thus support the hypothesis that the annual breeding cycle of the ewe is governed primarily by shifts in the extent to which oestradiol can suppress tonic LH secretion.

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