The predictive values of positive and negative test results for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody are extremely high in laboratories that have good quality control and high performance standards and use licensed FDA-approved enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot standardized tests. With a carefully designed protocol, the false-positive rate of combined EIA and Western blot has been reported to be as low as 1 in 10(5). When results of HIV confirmatory antibody tests are indeterminate, other tests such as culture and nucleotide probe methods for HIV DNA or RNA may help resolve false-reactive screening EIA tests. Improvements are constantly in progress for HIV laboratory tests with the use of recombinant DNA-derived antigens and synthetic polypeptides. With the use of new-generation synthetic polypeptide antigens, specific assays to identify HIV-1 and HIV-2 have been developed. Recently, assays for the HIV regulatory gene products have been studied for their predictive potential. Antibodies to nef protein, a regulator of HIV-1 replication, may be an early indicator of HIV infection.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.