It is critical to inform clinicians on the importance of sleep, to standardize sleep assessment, and to facilitate collaboration among caregivers to promote sleep for hospitalized patients.

Because critically ill patients are often not able to self report the presence of pain, an observer rating scale, the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) was developed for pain assessment of critically ill patients. This research examines the reliability and validity of the CPOT via replication of the original research study that developed the tool. Utilizing a repeated measures design, two nurse observers used the CPOT to score patient pain behaviors during rest, with repositioning and after repositioning. Results show fair to almost perfect interrater reliability and good discriminant validity of the instrument. The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a promising instrument for assessment of pain in critically ill patients. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 42 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

College students who are self-reported frequent, long, and late nappers may have a higher risk of poor nighttime sleep quality and more severe sleep deprivation.

No abstract