RESUMO -Realizou-se um experimento com o propósito de avaliar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de manejo aplicados na entrelinha da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis), na estabilidade de agregados em água de um Latossolo Vermelho, textura argilosa do Município de Jaboticabal, SP, e um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, textura areia/ média do Município de Tabapuã, SP, cujos tratamentos consistiram em: roçadeira, adubo-verde perene (Pueraria phaseoloides) e gradagem. As amostras de solo foram retiradas após sete anos de aplicação desses manejos nas camadas de 0-0,1; 0,1-0,2; 0,2-0,3; e 0,3-,4 m. A estabilidade de agregados foi obtida em peneira com classes de tamanhos de 8-4; 4-2; 2-1; 1-0,5; 0,5-0,125; e <0,125 mm. A Pueraria phaseoloides propiciou diferença significativa em relação aos demais sistemas de manejo na camada superficial (10 cm), quanto à distribuição de agregados, apresentando maior distribuição de agregados maiores no Latossolo Vermelho. O manejo com a grade dessa mesma camada, em ambos os solos, apresentou valores superiores de agregados de tamanho pequeno. A matéria orgânica dos solos apresentou relação direta e significativa com a estabilidade dos agregados maiores e relação inversa e significativa com a estabilidade de agregados menores.Palavras-chave: Estabilidade de agregados; Manejo; Seringueira. CHANGES IN THE AGGREGATE STABILITY OF LATOSOL AND PODZOLIC ACCORDING TO THE MANAGEMENT BETWEEN THE ROWS OF RUBBER TREES (Hevea brasiliensis) ABSTRACT -A trial was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different management systems applied between the rows of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) on the aggregate stability in water of Dark Red Latosol, with clayey texture from the Municipality of Jaboticabal (SP) and Yellow Red Podzolic, sandy/ medium texture fromthe Municipality of Tabapuã (SP). The treatments consisted of disk harrowing, Pueraria phaseoloides and mowing.The soil samples were withdrawn after seven years of application of these management systems from depths of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and 0.3-0.4 m. The stability of the aggregates was obtained in sieves with size classes of 8-4, 4-2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.125, and <0.125
The soil resistance to penetration study helps in understanding the state of soil compaction, indicating how best to manage it. The present study aimed to verify the influence of time management in modeling curves of resistance to penetration in Oxisol under different uses and management of pastures and woodland in field conditions, using the stepwise procedure. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region. Five (5) systems of uses and management of pastures and native woodland were evaluated: ILPF: crop-livestock-forest integration; ILP: crop-livestock integration; P: Area in the extensive grazing system; MN: native woodland; PIQ: rotated picket. The experiments were assessed for the years 2012/13 and 2013/14. To obtain the models, an analysis with four independent variables was performed: Gravimetric moisture (X1), bulk density (X2), total porosity (X3) and organic matter (X4) and the dependent variable, soil resistance to penetration (Y). The multiple regression analysis by STEPWISE with F of 0.15 was used. The equation that best estimated the resistance to penetration was RP = 14.68 to 0.26 for Native Woodland in layers from 0.20 - 0.40 m with R2 indices of 0.97 in year 1. For year 2, the equation that estimated the resistance to penetration was obtained in the PIQ treatment, PR = - 15.94 - 0.29 PT + 15.87 DS + 0.05 MO. with R2 of 0.94.
A B S T R A C TCrambe has been studied as an option in crop rotation systems in order to provide raw material for biodiesel production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of raising soil base saturation and addition of phosphorus (P) on the vegetative development, grain yield and oil content of crambe. The experiment was carried out in a Oxisol, arranged in factorial scheme (4 x 3), with 4 replicates (48 plots), in completely randomized blocks. Four base saturation levels (34 -natural of the soil, 40, 50 and 60%) and three P doses (0, 40 and 80 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ) were evaluated. The experimental plots formed a 9 m 2 rectangle with 5 plant rows, spaced by 0.45 m, using the cultivar "Brilliant FMS". The evaluated variables were: dry matter of roots and shoots at three different times (35, 45 and 55 days after emergence), grain yield and oil content. Base saturation favored crambe root and shoot development, yield and oil content, with the best results for base saturation of 47-48%. The addition of P doses also favored the increase of the analyzed variables.Massa seca e produtividade do crambe sob doses de fósforo e saturação por bases em condições de Cerrado Goiano R E S U M OA cultura do crambe é uma opção nos sistemas de rotação de culturas com potencial de matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel; este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da elevação da saturação por bases do solo e a adição de doses de fósforo na produção de massa seca, produtividade de grãos e no teor de óleo do crambe em condições de Cerrado Goiano. O experimento foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, delineado em esquema fatorial (4 x 3) com 4 repetições (48 parcelas) em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Foram avaliados 4 níveis de saturação por bases: 34 -natural do solo, 40, 50 e 60% e três doses de fósforo: 0, 40 e 80 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 . As parcelas experimentais formavam um retângulo de 9 m 2 com 5 linhas de plantio espaçadas 0,45 m. Foi utilizada a cultivar "FMS Brilhante"; as variáveis avaliadas foram: massa seca de raiz e parte aérea, no tempo (35, 45 e 55 dias após a emergência), produtividade de grãos e teor de óleo. A saturação por bases favoreceu o desenvolvimento da raiz e da parte aérea, a produtividade e o teor de óleo do crambe, com melhores resultados para saturação por bases entre 47-48%. A adição das doses de fósforo também favoreceu o aumento das variáveis analisadas.
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