We report here the identification of a pollenspecific gene from Zea mays that contains multiple Ser-(Pro).repeats, the motif found in the cell wall-associated extensins.Sequence analysis reveals that the encoded protein has a putative globular domain at the N terminus and an extensinlike domain at the C terminus. (3)(4)(5)(6). In addition, stylar tissues are known to secrete AGPs (7). It is known that pollen is enriched for hydroxyproline (8-11). Therefore, it seems likely that pollen also contains HRGPs. These extracellular proteins may play a structural role in the extremely rapid cell elongation that occurs during pollen tube growth (12). Alternatively, pollen HRGPs are potential candidates for mediating pollen-pistil interactions in conjunction with partner molecules in female tissues. We have isolated a pollen-specific gene that appears to be a member of a small gene family in maize and encodes multiple repeats of the extensin-like motif Ser-(Pro)4. Pexl (pollen extensin-like) differs from other maize HRGP genes in that it contains significant numbers of this canonical extensin repeat motif. Isolation of a genomic clone representing the Pexi gene revealed a protein structure containing both an extensin-like domain and a putative globular domain.J MATERIALS AND METHODS Maize inbred lines Ky2l and B73 were grown under standard greenhouse conditions. Microspores and immature pollen were staged by the method of Bedinger and Edgerton (13). Mature pollen was collected from shedding tassels. Young leaves were wounded by clamping with a hemostat and were collected 6 and 24 hr after wounding.The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. pSF66 and pSF21 were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from poly(A)+ RNA from immature starch-filled pollen (maize inbred line Ky2l) and cloned into AZAP (Stratagene) with EcoRI-Not I adapters (Invitrogen). Recombinant phage were differentially screened with cDNA probes made by using mRNA from immature starch-filled pollen and from endosperm. Plaques that hybridized uniquely with immature pollen mRNA were selected and rescreened.A genomic library prepared from Sau3A1 partial digests of maize inbred line B73 DNA cloned into phage AEMBL3 arms was purchased from Clontech. In all, 240,000 plaques, representing half a genome of DNA, were screened with pSF21 cDNA as a probe. Two positive clones were identified. One of these was subcloned into pBluescript (Stratagene).A 7.3-kb BamHI subclone containing sequences hybridizing to pSF21 was designated pZmPl. Four thousand three hundred thirty-one base pairs of pZmPl were sequenced by the dideoxy method (14) using Sequenase (United States Biochemical) and [a-32P]dATP (Amersham). Sequences of pZmPl were confirmed by the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Automated DNA Sequencing Facility on a model 373A DNA sequencer using the Taq DyeDeoxy terminator cycle sequenci...

A product of the conquest of an Arawakan population by Tupí-Guaraní migrants, Chiriguano society offers a clear instance of ''indigenous hybridity'' that has received inadequate scholarly attention. We suggest that the assimilation of the Chiriguano case to Tupí-Guaraní sociopolitical models demonstrates a process of ''Guaranization'' that has influenced scholars as much as-if not more than-the Chiriguano themselves. By means of an ethnohistorical analysis of the Chiriguano political system, we attempt to recover the Arawakan heritage of this truly mestizo society in which different cultural traditions are both counterposed and combined. The reading we offer of the ''Chiriguano case'' is a new one, oriented specifically to the ethnically diverse frontier territory of the South American Gran Chaco but having broad comparative value.Pour qui veut vérifier expérimentalement, si je puis dire, la valeur des méthodes qui se font jour dans l'ethnographie moderne, pour qui veut juger des facteurs qui conditionnent la formation et l'évolution des civilisations, il n'est pas de meilleur terrain que l'étude des indiens Chiriguano.

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This article takes as a central problem why both a tiny laboratory and an enormous national park were almost simultaneously established in a remote tropical Bolivian indigenous community (Isoso) in the mid-1990s. Both projects – laboratory and the park – were oriented to non-economic values: the laboratory to those of traditional medicine and culture and the park to those of unspoiled nature. However, Isoseño people were particularly attentive to the projects' economic value, exploring the ways these might act as wellsprings of money revenue. The analysis presented here suggests that the tension among divergent orders of value that characterizes the contemporary global situation can present special opportunities, and not just challenges, to indigenous and traditional peoples living in places like Isoso. The essay brings together discussions of "incommensurability" made separately in recent cultural anthropological and ecological economic literature in order to show how and why this is so.Key words: indigenous peoples, economic strategies, traditional medicine, incommensurability, Bolivia, national park

This article draws on fieldwork carried out in a Guaraní‐speaking community in the Bolivian Chaco – Isoso – between 1997 and 2000. At the time, some Isoseño people were employed in urban‐headquartered projects that revolved around Isoso’s environment, culture, or identity and that were funded multilaterally by grants, loans, or other foreign aid. The article describes a set of fantastic discourses circulating in rural Isoso that seem to compare a magical place called Salamanca to the city where some Isoseño people now work. The article argues that these Salamanca discourses are an Isoseño‐specific way of talking about a general set of unprecedented processes. It takes up the fact that undertakings of the kind in which the Isoseño are involved create new calibrations among radically different systems for moral/qualitative and material/ quantitative evaluation which can most ‘economically’ be expressed in terms of credit and debt. Finally, it considers why it is that for all their strange magic, Isoseño ‘Salamanca and the city’ discourses put an extremely recognizable suite of moral considerations at their centre.