Introduction The ability to form mental images that reconstruct former perceptual experiences is closely related to working memory (WM) ability. However, while WM deficits are established as a core feature of schizophrenia, an independent body of work suggests that mental imagery ability is enhanced in the disorder. Across two experiments we investigated mental imagery in schizophrenia and its relationship with WM. Methods In Experiment 1, individuals with schizophrenia (SZ: N=15) and matched controls (CO: N=14) completed a mental imagery generation and inspection task and a spatial delayed-response WM task. In Experiment 2, SZ (N=16) and CO (N=16) completed a novel version of the mental imagery task modified to increase WM maintenance demand. Results In Experiment 1, SZ demonstrated enhanced mental imagery performance, as evidenced by faster response times relative to CO, with preserved accuracy. However, enhanced mental imagery in SZ was accompanied by impaired WM as assessed by the delayed-response task. In Experiment 2, when WM maintenance load was increased, SZ no longer showed superior imagery performance. Conclusions We found evidence for enhanced imagery manipulation in SZ despite their WM maintenance deficit. However, this imagery enhancement was abolished when WM maintenance demands were increased. This profile of enhanced imagery manipulation but impaired maintenance could be used to implement novel remediation strategies in the disorder.