Results From 01 October 2018 to 31 March 2019, 92% (13,515/14,690) of adult admissions were screened for smoking status, identifying 2,393 current smokers. Of these, 96% were given brief advice to quit by the admitting team. Through the automated 'opt-out' referral process, 61% patients completed inpatient behavioural interventions with a specialist cessation practitioner (69% within the fi rst 48 hours of admission). Overall, 66% of smokers were prescribed pharmacotherapy. Over one in fi ve of all smokers admitted during this pilot reported that they were abstinent from smoking 12 weeks after discharge (22%) at a cost £183 per quit. Discussion National implementation of this cost-effective programme would be likely to generate substantial benefi ts to public health.

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When suitable experimental techniques are employed, ammoniacal suspensions of hydrated cuprous oxide or solutions of cuproammonia ion are excellent reducing agents for the conversion of diazotized anthranilic acid to diphenic acid; yields as high as 90% are obtained.2. The initial value of the ratio Cu+/RN2X should be unity or higher with all reducing agents. Concentration of cuprous ion in the reducing solution is not a critical factor.3. The use of a solution of cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid as recommended by Ullmann gives little or no biaryl but large yields of the Sandmeyer type product.4. Cupri-ammonia solutions do not convert diazotized anthranilic acid to the biaryl. Durham, N. H.

This study examined barriers to Physical Education (PE) in a sample of Christian and Muslim schoolgirls attending UK comprehensive secondary schools. Also assessed was whether religion and school year (age) had any impact upon barrier strength and if school year × religion interactions existed. A questionnaire was developed and exploratory factor analysis was utilised to uncover barrier factors. Six factors were found; these were: ‘Self-Conscious’, ‘Sensations’, ‘Embarrassment’, ‘Dislike/Unimportant’, ‘PE Uniform’ and ‘Religiosity’. For the total sample, the highest quotient was assigned to the ‘PE Uniform’ barrier factor. The remaining barrier factors received relatively low quotients. When analysed by religious persuasion, it was found that four of the barrier factors were rated significantly higher by the Muslim girls. For both Christian and Muslim samples, barrier strength tended to increase in line with school year (age). School year × religion interactions were also evident. These results provide a contemporary picture of potential barriers to PE for girls attending comprehensive secondary schools in the UK.

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