A high incidence of violence occurs in contemporary society, which is reflected in the violence exhibited by psychiatric patients. To validate the defining characteristics of potential for violence, 125 registered nurses were asked to rate the relevance of defining characteristics of the diagnosis. A diagnostic content validity index was used to ascertain which defining characteristics the nurses believed to be the most critical in the identification of violence potential. Nine major and 20 minor characteristics were identified by these nurses.

We report the helical computed tomography findings in two patients with spontaneous aortocaval fistula (ACF) complicating abdominal aortic aneurysm. The use of overlapping slices produced high quality multiplanar reformats which provided anatomical information about the likely site of the ACF and also the relationship of the renal arteries to the neck of the aneurysm.

Background. Sacral neuromodulation has become a widely used treatment for lower urinary tract symptom and dysfunction. It has been observed to benefit sexual function in the domains of arousal and desire. Studies have yet to report markedly increased arousal symptoms as an adverse effect. Case. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman who developed symptomatic persistent genital arousal following implantation of a neuromodulator. Despite device reprogramming, a trial of the device being shut off, and eventual device removal, she continued to have residual new-onset undesired genital hyper-arousal symptoms. Conclusion. Our patient demonstrated markedly increased and persistent arousal symptoms that may be the result of upregulated or alternative activation of sacral nerve pathways. While other case reports describe improvement in persistent genital arousal disorder symptoms through neuromodulation, no studies mention hyperarousal symptoms as an adverse side effect after sacral neuromodulator placement nor persistence despite removal of the implant.

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