A large fraction of hereditary demyelinating neuropathies, classified as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type IA (CMT 1A), is associated with misexpression of peripheral myelin protein 22. In this study we characterized morphological and biochemical changes that occur with disease progression in neuromuscular tissue of Trembler J mice, a spontaneous rodent model of CMT 1A. Using age-matched, 2- and 10-month-old wild type and Trembler J mice, we observed neuromuscular deficits that progress from distal to proximal regions. The impairments in motor performance are underlined by degenerative events at distal nerve segments and structural alterations at nerve-muscle synapses. Furthermore, skeletal muscle of affected mice showed reduced myofiber diameter, increased expression of the muscle atrophy marker muscle ring-finger protein 1 and fiber type switching. A dietary intervention of intermittent fasting attenuated these progressive changes and supported distal nerve myelination and neuromuscular junction integrity. In addition to the well-characterized demyelination aspects of this model, our investigations identified distinct degenerative events in distal nerves and muscle of affected neuropathic mice. Therefore, therapeutic studies aimed at slowing or reversing the neuropathic features of these disorders should include the examination of muscle tissue, as well as neuromuscular contact sites.