Initial lactic acidosis is associated with lower cardiac performance and higher morbidity and mortality. Persistent OH is associated with higher rates of RC, MSOF, and death after severe trauma. Early identification and aggressive resuscitation aimed at correcting continued elevation in serum lactate improves survival and reduces complications in severely injured trauma patients.

A clear increase in infections occurred in patients with OH whose lactate levels did not correct by 12 hours, with an associated increase in length of stay, days in surgical/trauma intensive care unit, hospital charges, and mortality.

Patients with severe head injury, open fractures, or any evidence of hemodynamic instability are better served by DPL as the primary diagnostic modality. Its sensitivity and specificity are equivalent to those of computerized tomography; this facilitates evaluation and allows for simultaneous procedures and quicker initiation of definitive treatment.

Background The massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is designed to quickly provide blood products at a fixed ratio for the exsanguinating patient. At our academic medical center, the frequency of MTP activation increased over 10‐fold between 2008 and 2015, putting inordinate stress on our transfusion service. Study design and methods Gathering a large number of relevant stakeholders, we performed a multidisciplinary root cause analysis (RCA) in response to the acute clinical need to reform our MTP. Results Through the RCA, we identified four principal opportunities for improvement (OFI) associated with our MTP: education, stewardship, process improvement, and communication. Through the deployment of new approaches to each of these OFI, we reduced MTP activations, blood product waste, and transfusion service technologist stress. Conclusion The MTP is amenable to improvement, and, although time intensive, the RCA process yields significant favorable effects: improving communication with colleagues, reducing stress within the transfusion service, and improving resource utilization. Activation of the MTP at our institution is now more aligned with its primary purpose: rapidly providing large quantities of blood products to exsanguinating patients.