This paper argues that personal actualisation of human and personal rights articulated in key conventions, declarations and other internationally recognized instruments is significantly impeded without similar recognition of individual rights 'in and to records'. It reports on a study in which archival literary warrant analysis was applied top-down on 19 such instruments, and on professional international guidelines for records relevant to human rights. Warrant was also derived bottom-up from media and personal accounts of documentation and recordkeeping challenges faced by refugees. The results of the analyses were used to identify potential rights in and to records necessary to enable and actualise refugees' human rights. These potential rights were then clustered within a framework together with the warrants from which they were derived. While this study makes the case for how a platform of rights in records could support refugees in enabling and actualizing their human rights, further research is necessary to test whether it is sufficiently inclusive to encompass any context in which documentation and recordkeeping play key roles in enabling and actualising human rights, and whether rights in and to records should themselves be recognized as fundamental human rights.

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Ceftriaxone was compared with cefotaxime for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The dose of ceftriaxone was 2 g once a day, and the dose of cefotaxime was 2 g every 4 h. Metronidazole was added if anaerobic infection was suspected. Explicit criteria were used to define infections, clinical response, and adverse effects. Ceftriaxone was given to 88 patients and cefotaxime to 83. The two treatment groups did not differ in types of infection, infecting organisms, and severity of underlying disease. The response rate was 81% (71/88) for ceftriaxone and 80% (66/83) for cefotaxime. The power of the study to detect a 15% difference in response rate at P less than .1 was 90%. The frequency of diarrhea, thrombophlebitis, prothrombin time, prolongation, colonization, and superinfection did not differ between treatment groups. Ceftriaxone 2 g once a day was as safe and effective as cefotaxime 2 g every 4 h for suspected serious bacterial infections.

The widespread preoccupation with memory continues to endure in contemporary art, academic discourses, and social practices such as commemorations, observances, and memorials across the globe. Archives, as spaces of and catalysts for memory, play a central role in society’s modes of remembering, and over the past several decades, artists’ engagements with archives – whether as source, concept, or subject – has turned a spotlight on the workings and transmissions of archival memory. This essay examines some of the critical activators of contemporary art practice with archives to contemplate the mnemonic possibilities of archives and artworks made with them.

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