To be ‘indigenous’ in Bolivia is not only a rights‐ and resource‐bearing identity, but the national MAS party has recently actively promoted the ‘indigenous’ as an inclusive national political project. This article seeks to shed further light on the different meanings Bolivians attach to ‘indigeneity’ by focusing on the Chiquitano people of the Bolivian lowlands. This reveals that while Chiquitano employ the term to advance their political project, some nevertheless simultaneously reject its power to categorise and subordinate Chiquitano. This highlights some of the paradoxes faced by those employing an indigenous political strategy, be it at the local or ‘more inclusive’ national level.
Resumen
Este artículo explora las diferentes maneras en que los blancos y mestizos de Concepción, una sede municipal en el departamento de Santa Cruz en el oriente Boliviano, buscan deslegitimizar el proyecto político indígena chiquitano. Una manera popular entre las élites de neutralizar la amenaza que este proyecto supone para su soberanía sobre los recursos, la tierra y la población en esa región, es utilizando un discurso regional de mestizaje que pretende minar la frontera étnica (cf. Barth 1969) creada por los chiquitanos para diferenciarse de los blancos y mestizos. Con el fin de explicar esta estrategia, presento un resumen de los acontecimientos históricos que han contribuido a crear el clima político contemporáneo local, y discuto los vínculos de dicha estrategia con el surgimiento del regionalismo Cruceño.
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