Resumo OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação do processo de assistência pré-natal segundo os parâmetros do Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento (PHPN), acrescido dos procedimentos previstos pela Rede Cegonha, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de uma microrregião do Espírito Santo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, em 2012-2013, por meio de entrevistas e de análise do Cartão da Gestante e do prontuário do recém-nascido, com 742 puérperas em 7 maternidades da região escolhida para a pesquisa. As informações foram coletadas, processadas e submetidas aos testes do χ 2 e exato de Fisher para testar a diferença de proporção entre os critérios adotados pelo PHPN mais a Rede Cegonha e o local de moradia, renda familiar mensal e modalidade de cobertura do serviço pré-natal. Foi considerado um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros que apresentaram as menores taxas de adequação foram os testes rápidos e os exames de repetição, com frequências em torno de 10 e 30%, respectivamente, além das atividades educativas (57,9%) e da imunização antitetânica (58,7%). Já os parâmetros manejo do risco (92,6%) e exame de glicemia de jejum (91,3%) apresentaram os melhores resultados. Foi encontrada adequação de 7,4% para o PHPN, de 0,4% para a Rede Cegonha, no que diz respeito aos parâmetros da gravidez de risco habitual, e de 0 para os de alto risco. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as puérperas segundo local de moradia para realização de sorologia para sífilis (VDRL), teste anti-HIV e repetição de glicemia de jejum, e a renda familiar mensal influenciou a realização dos exames tipagem sanguínea/fator Rh, VDRL, hematócrito e teste anti-HIV. CONCLUSÃO: A assistência pré-natal no SUS mostrou-se inadequada, de acordo com os procedimentos previstos pelo PHPN e Rede Cegonha na microrregião de um estado do Sudeste brasileiro, principalmente para as mulheres de menor renda, usuárias do PACS e residentes na zona rural. Abstract PURPOSE:To evaluate the adequacy of the process of prenatal care according to the parameters of the Program for the Humanization of Prenatal Care (PHPN) and of the procedures provided by the Stork Network of Unified Health System (SUS) in the microregion of Espirito Santo state, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012-2013 by interviewing and analyzing the records of 742 women during the postpartum period and of their newborns in 7 hospitals in the region chosen for the research. The information was collected, processed and analyzed by the χ 2 and Fisher's exact test to determine the difference in proportion between the criteria adopted by the PHPN and the Stork Network and the place of residence, family income and type of coverage of prenatal service. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The parameters showing the lowest adequacy rate were quick tests and repeated exams, with frequencies around 10 and 30%, respectively, in addition to educational activities (57.9%) and tetanus immunization (58.7%). In contrast, risk managemen...

This study aimed to investigate the existence and magnitude of the association between advanced maternal age (AMA) and occurrence of placenta praevia (PP) and placental abruption (PA) among nulliparous and multiparous women, by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched articles published between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015, in any language, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Women were grouped into two age categories: up to 34 years old and 35 years or older. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted for the PP and PA outcomes, using a meta-regression model to find possible covariates associated with heterogeneity among the studies and Egger's test to assess publication bias. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) system (CRD42016045594). Twenty-three studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. For both outcomes, an increase in age increased the magnitude of association strength, and PP (OR = 3.16, 95%CI: 2.79-3.57) was more strongly associated with AMA than PA (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54). For parity, there was no difference between nulliparous and multiparous women considered older for the PP and PA outcomes. Our review provided very low-quality evidence for both outcomes, since it encompasses observational studies with high statistical heterogeneity, diversity of populations, no control of confounding factors in several cases, and publication bias. However, the confidence intervals were small and there is a dose-response gradient, as well as a large magnitude of effect for PP.

The anogenital prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the use of cervico-vaginal self-collected vs. clinician-collected samples were evaluated for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. We recruited 153 women for a cross-sectional study (112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected) who sought health services. Anal and cervical scrapings and cervico-vaginal self-collection samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium . A syphilis test was also performed. Risk factors for STIs were identified by multivariate analysis. The overall prevalence of STIs was 30.4% (34/112) in HIV-uninfected women and 24.4% (10/41) in HIV-infected women. Anogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was the most prevalent in both groups of women (20.5% vs 19.5%). There was significant agreement for each STI between self-collected and clinician-collected samples: 91.7%, kappa 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–0.85 for Chlamydia trachomatis ; 99.2%, kappa 0.85, 95% CI 0.57–1.00 for Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; 97.7%, kappa 0.39, 95% CI -0.16–0.94 for Trichomonas vaginalis ; and 94.7%, kappa 0.51, 95% CI 0.20–0.82 for Mycoplasma genitalium . Women with human papillomavirus had coinfection or multiple infections with other STIs. Risk factors for STIs were being ≤ 25 years old, being employed or a student, reporting a history of STI and having a positive HPV test. A high prevalence of STIs in women in the Tapajós region was found. Cervico-vaginal self-collection is a useful tool for STI screening and can be used in prevention control programs in low-resource settings, such as in northern Brazil.

Objetivo: Descrever os principais procedimentos de saúde bucal recebidos pelas gestantes, além de identificar os fatores associados à procura da gestante ao serviço odontológico durante o pré-natal. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que entrevistou 742 puérperas em sete maternidades da microrregião de São Mateus-ES, 2012/2013. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos procedimentos odontológicos recebidos durante o pré-natal e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para obter os fatores associados à procura da gestante ao dentista durante o pré-natal. Resultados: Apenas 33,6% das mulheres receberam assistência odontológica durante o pré-natal. Destas, 44,2% tiveram acesso à consulta de revisão e 61,4% profilaxia feita pelo dentista. Receber atendimento odontológico durante o pré-natal esteve associado com anos de estudo crescente (RP = 1,18; IC95% 1,07-1,31), ser atendida na Estratégia de Saúde da Família quando comparada ao Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (RP = 1,96; IC95% 1,31-2,92), número de consultas pré-natal crescente (RP = 1,23; IC95% 1,10-1,37) e ter impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida (RP = 1,39; IC95% 1,02-1,37). Conclusão: A assistência à saúde bucal durante a gestação persiste negligenciada, principalmente para as gestantes mais vulneráveis (menor escolaridade, poucas consultas pré-natal, atendidas por uma equipe de saúde mais simples durante o pré-natal). Logo, há necessidade de ampliação do atendimento odontológico, assim como busca ativa das gestantes vulneráveis. Descritores: Assistência odontológica. Cuidado pré-natal. Fatores socioeconômicos.