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TiC and TiB2 powders were mechanochemically synthesized from powder mixtures of elemental Ti-C (atomic ratio 1:1) and in 34h 45min and 15h 10min, respectively, in a planetary ball mill using tungsten carbide balls. TiN powder was also mechanically synthesized from titanium powder for 60h in a high-energy horizontal rotary ball mill (steel balls) equipped with a nitrogen gas flow system. The as-milled mixed powders have been characterized as a function of the milling time by means of X-ray diffraction, scann ing electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The reaction processes for TiC and TiB2 forma tion were initiated by mechanically induced solid-state diffusion in the induction period when carbon or boron atoms diffused into titanium, and a small amount of TiC or TiB2 was formed by solid-state diffusion un til a mechanically induced self-propagating reaction occurred. The reaction process for TiN formation pro ceeded via the surface reaction of titanium particles with molecular nitrogen and the mechanically induced solid-state diffusion of nitrogen atoms into titanium. The lattice parameters obtained for TiC, TiB2 and TiN agree with previously reported measurements.

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