The current research is concerned with the synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) from Abrus precatorius L. bark extract via the green chemistry method. The synthesized MgO NPs was confirmed by using several characterization methods like XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and UV-visible analysis. The synthesized MgO NPs displayed a small particle size along with a specific surface area. Abrus precatorius bark synthesized MgO NPs with a higher ratio of dye degradation, and antioxidant activity showed a higher percentage of free radical scavenging in synthesized MgO NPs. Zebrafish embryos were used as a model organism to assess the toxicity of the obtained MgO nanoparticles, and the results concluded that the MgO NPs were nontoxic. In addition, the anticancer properties of MgO nanoparticles were analyzed by using a human melanoma cancer cell line (A375) via MTT, XTT, NRU, and LDH assessment. MgO NPs treated a human melanoma cancer cell line and resulted in apoptosis and necrosis based on the concentration, which was confirmed through a genotoxicity assay. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms in necrosis and apoptosis were conferred to depict the association of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with the human melanoma cancer cell line. The current study on MgO NPs showed a broad-scope understanding of the use of these nanoparticles as a medicinal drug for melanoma cancer via its physiological mechanism and also a novel route to obtain MgO NPs by using the green chemistry method.

No abstract

The tunable ZnO nanorods (NRs) are produced due to the phytochemicals present in Cycas pschannae leaves which act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The confirmations of the ZnO NRs were validated using different characterization techniques: X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy–Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis (EDX), UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The ZnO NRs show unique surface area and low particle size. Photocatalytic activity was measured and found to be 50.75% at low concentrations and 78.33% at high concentrations. The antioxidant activity of the ZnO NRs also showed promising results for their use in free radical scavenging. In vitro toxicity studies using zebrafish embryos was performed to evaluate the toxic nature of it and the obtained result confirmed its non‐toxic nature. In addition, ZnO anticancer potential was verified using the A549 lung cancer cell line. Cytotoxic assessments of ZnO NRs were performed via 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide (XTT), 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and neutral red uptake assays to examine the cell death cycle on the A549 lung cancer cell. Dose‐dependent apoptosis and necrosis were confirmed by Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. It was also confirmed that ZnO NRs induce Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis inside cancer (A549) cells via different intrinsic gene expression. Thus, based on this research it is evident that an effective ecofriendly, nontoxic potential anticancer drug can be synthesized using C. pschannae leaf extract.

In the last few decades, the broad scope of nanomedicine has played an important role in the global healthcare industry. Biological acquisition methods to obtain nanoparticles (NPs) offer a low-cost, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly approach. This review shows recent data about several methods for procuring nanoparticles and an exhaustive elucidation of biological agents such as plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and yeast. When compared to the physical, chemical, and biological approaches for obtaining nanoparticles, the biological approach has significant advantages such as non-toxicity and environmental friendliness, which support their significant use in therapeutic applications. The bio-mediated, procured nanoparticles not only help researchers but also manipulate particles to provide health and safety. In addition, we examined the significant biomedical applications of nanoparticles, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and other medical applications. This review highlights the findings of current research on the bio-mediated acquisition of novel NPs and scrutinizes the various methods proposed to describe them. The bio-mediated synthesis of NPs from plant extracts has several advantages, including bioavailability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Researchers have sequenced the analysis of the biochemical mechanisms and enzyme reactions of bio-mediated acquisition as well as the determination of the bioactive compounds mediated by nanoparticle acquisition. This review is primarily concerned with collating research from researchers from a variety of disciplines that frequently provides new clarifications to serious problems.

No abstract