The current multidisciplinary team management approach, including use of computed tomographic or conventional angiography and prompt surgical management, resulted in successful outcomes after lower extremity arterial injuries and will continue to be utilized.

With eight (88.9%) of nine patients showing some level of improvement and amputation avoided in six (66.7%) patients, these short-term results indicate the use of BM-MNC implantation as a means of limb salvage therapy for patients with severe PAD shows promise in postponing or avoiding amputation in a patient population currently presented with few alternatives to amputation.

In this study we demonstrate that ultrasound (US)-guided injection of thrombin is a safe and effective way to treat iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms as a new treatment modality at a 650-bed urban community hospital. We included retrospective chart review of patients who were treated for iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms from January 2004 to June 2010 at a single institution. All patients' pseudoaneurysms were treated using US-guided thrombin injection. This study demonstrated an overall success rate of 97.1% in treating iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms in 33 of 34 patients. One patient underwent open surgical repair. No mortality or complications were noted. The study was successful in demonstrating that the US-guided injection of thrombin is an efficacious way to treat iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms and can be safely implemented as a new treatment modality by appropriately trained vascular surgeons. A review of different techniques is included. An algorithm for the treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms is proposed from this study.

A distinction between a peritonsillar abscess and peritonsillitis is useful clinically, as the former requires surgical drainage while the latter merely requires treatment with antibiotics. To evaluate the diagnostic implications of performing ultrasonography of the tonsils in patients with clinically diagnosed peritonsillar abscess, 27 patients underwent ultrasound examination before needle aspiration of the abscess was performed. Ultrasound was able to detect peritonsillar abscess in91 per cent of the cases (sensitivity rate), with a false negative rate of nine per cent and a false positive rate of 20 per cent. The specificity of the test was 80 per cent, and was able to differentiate abscess from peritonsillitis in 88.9 per cent. On the basis of these results we conclude that ultrasonography of the tonsils in patients thought to have peritonsillar abscess is a useful adjunct, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing unnecessary surgical drainage.

The current multidisciplinary team management approach with prompt surgical management resulted in successful outcomes after upper-extremity arterial injuries. No outcome differences between penetrating and blunt or between proximal and distal arterial injuries were calculated. This management approach will continue to be used.