Third molar extraction is a routinely done procedure by a Dental and Maxillofacial Surgeon. However, chances are that this procedure can bring about damage to one of the branches of the mandibular nerve. An in-depth knowledge on the anatomy of the nerve, correct diagnosis and the usage of proper techniques will enable the clinician to carry out this procedure without leaving post-operative complications. This review article focuses mainly on the causes of peripheral nerve trauma during the procedure and whatshould or can be done to prevent it.