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Nanocrystalline TiO 2 sample was prepared by high-energy ball mill method. A known quantity of anatase phase- TiO 2 was milled for 83 h in air. The samples were collected at intervals of 5 h of milling. The XRD patterns were recorded for all the samples. The crystal structure changed from anatase phase for bulk material to rutile-rich phase for nanocrystalline material. Nanocrystalline TiO 2, which is a mixture of anatase, rutile, and srilankite phase, was prepared by milling for 60 h. The XRD pattern of unmilled anatase phase of TiO 2 could be refined with I41/amd space group. The crystallite size of the TiO 2 was found to decrease with milling time upto 50 h and then the size of rutile phase increases while the sizes of anatase and srilankite phases remain constant upto 60 h of milling. After 60 h, the sizes of all the phases remain constant. The average crystallite size for rutile phase is found to be 12 nm after 60 h of milling.

In recent years, there has been an influx of multi-material components into the manufacturing field. For a large number of cases where joining of non-metallic parts are involved, adhesive bonding is given preference over traditional joining processes. One of the prominent methods of enhancement of adhesive bond strength is by use of additives on the adhesive. Adhesive joints are commonly used in load-bearing structures. The loading is primarily in the shear mode. Hence, the shear modulus of the adhesive is a primary index of the adhesive bond-strength. In this work, a mathematical model for adhesively bonded single strap butt joint is developed and an inverse method to calculate the effective shear moduli of graphite/epoxy mixtures of different ratios is presented.