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Word frequency is one of the strongest determiners of reaction time (RT) in word recognition tasks; it is an important theoretical and methodological variable. The Kucera and Francis (1967) word frequency count (derived from the 1-million-word Brown corpus) is used by most investigators concerned with the issue of word frequency. Word frequency estimates from the Brown corpus were compared with those from a 131-million-wordcorpus (the HALcorpus; conversational text gathered from Usenet) in a standard word naming task with 32 subjects. RT was predicted equally well by both corpora for high-frequency words, but the larger corpus provided better predictors for low-and medium-frequency words. Furthermore, the larger corpus provides estimates for 97,261 lexical items; the smaller corpus, for 50,406 items.Word frequency (WF) has been referred to as the sine qua non among variables that affect basic word recognition (Chiarello, 1988). All models of lexical access incorporate word frequency into their retrieval mechanisms (frequency-coded models,

Tattoos are increasing in popularity, yet minimal research has examined implicit attitudes or the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes toward tattooed individuals. Seventy-seven online participants (Mage = 36.09, 52% women, 78% white, 26% tattooed) completed measures assessing implicit and explicit attitudes toward tattooed individuals. Results revealed evidence of negative implicit attitudes, which were associated with less perceived warmth, competence, and negative explicit evaluations. However, implicit attitudes were not correlated with measures of disgust or social distance. In addition, age predicted implicit prejudice, but other individual difference measures-such as personal tattoo possession, political identity, and internal/external motivations to respond without prejudice-did not. These findings are discussed in terms of how attitudes toward tattooed individuals may be multifaceted, and research may benefit from measuring implicit and explicit attitudes.

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Female undergraduates rated the rationality of using gender stereotypes in several potentially dangerous situations. We tested whether sexual assault history and fear of crime moderated perceptions of the use of gender stereotypes in public and private settings. Primary results revealed differences in ratings among victims and nonvictims of sexual assault as a function of type of setting. Additionally, fear of crime increased ratings of rationality in nighttime public situations. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the "rational discrimination" phenomenon (Khan & Lambert, 2001).