This paper conducts a bibliographic review of the main theoretical formulations that make migration processes dialogue with urban dynamics. From this, two records of academic literature arise. The first one, from a sociological approach, problematizes not only the modalities of gradual integration of immigrants into urban space but also the challenges resulting from the forms of occupation and transformation of the social, economic, cultural, and symbolic spaces of the city. The second one has a political science approach that explores the new analytical perspectives that reconstruct and reformulates the problems of the urban management of immigration, examining the different scenarios and factors that influence and shape the governance of immigration and cultural diversity in cities. These two approaches are significantly useful and have undeniable heuristic value to construct a modern immigration theory in the urban context.
El Protocolo de reforma del Protocolo relativo al Estatuto de la Corte Africana de Justicia y de Derechos Humanos (Protocolo de Malabo) extiende las competencias penales a la Corte Africana de Justicia y Derechos Humanos (CAJDH) para el enjuiciamiento criminal y la represión de los crímenes reconocidos en el derecho internacional. Este instrumento es la pieza fundamental en torno a la cual se desarrolla la primera experiencia global de regionalización del derecho internacional penal. Este artículo examina, desde una perspectiva crítica, las lagunas jurídicas y los elementos belígeros de este proceso, que vienen a advertir de la conflictividad previsible y de la concurrencia anunciada entre las dos jurisdicciones de derecho internacional penal: La Corte Africana de Justicia y de Derechos Humanos (CAJDH) et la Corte Internacional Penal (CPI).
Resumen:El presente artículo aborda algunos problemas entre política y derecho que genera la decisión parlamentaria en la concesión o denegación de los suplicatorios. Por ello, analiza la praxis de los suplicatorios tramitados por el Congreso de los diputados y el Senado hasta la fecha, poniendo énfasis en la doctrina emanada de las decisiones adoptadas por las comisiones parlamentarias competentes. Para profundizar en la interacción entre suplicatorio, política y derecho, el artículo indaga en los pasos cualitativos y saltos prominentes de la evolución de la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre los límites de la facultad de las Cámaras para conceder o denegar el suplicatorio. Recaba y sistematiza el tratamiento académico de los puntos clave del debate emanado de estos sucesivos pronunciamientos del TC: las implicaciones de esta jurisprudencia en relación a los postulados constitucionales de independencia y ordenación de los poderes del Estado, las definiciones de criterios jurídicos que han de inspirar y guiar a las Cámaras para autorizar o denegar el suplicatorio, la concreción del modelo y la estructura de ponderación aplicables en los casos de colisión de dos derechos fundamentales (en este caso, los arts. 23 y 24 de la Constitución española [CE]). Summary:I. Praxis of the Parliamentary Procedure for the Waiver of Immunity. II. The Request to Waive the Parliamentary Immunity Before the Constitutional Court. Issues With Undeniable Constitutional Significance. III. The Constitutional Court and the Judicial Review of the Requests to Waive the Parliamentary Immunity. 1. Interna corporis acta and fundamental rights. 2. «Trial of opportunity» and the formal «requirement of a statement of reasons». 3. The degree of providing an adequate statement of reasons in the denial court’s decision. 4. The question of weighing up different values against one another: fundamental rights and the Parliament members’ prerogatives. IV. The Doctrinal Debate on the Constitutional Court’s Jurisprudence. 1. Emptying the parliamentarian immunity and the issue of «checks and balance» of State’s constitutional powers.2. Opposing the parliamentary immunity and the right of judicial action: the issue of preferential treatment. Concluding: Judicial Review or Political Review? Abstract:This article addresses the existing problems generated by the parliamentary decision in the granting or denial of requests made by the Supreme Court to the Parliament, in order to remove an MP’s parliamentary immunity, so that (s)he can be prosecuted. Such problems are studied both from the perspective of law and of political science. To this end, this paper analyzes and updates the research done to date about the parliamentary praxis on this issue, highlighting the doctrine which emanates from the decisions adopted by the competent parliamentary committees. In order to understand well the interaction between the praxis, politics and law, this paper also examines the most prominent changes and milestones in the evolution of the constitutional case law on the limits of the Parliament’s capacity to grant or to deny the Supreme Court request asking Parliament to remove an MP’s parliamentary immunity so that (s)he can be prosecuted. For this purpose, the paper systematizes the key points of the academic debate concerning the successive decisions of the Constitutional court: the repercussions of this jurisprudence vis-à-vis the constitutional postulates of separation and independence of State powers, the legal criteria that such postulates must inspire and in order to guide the Parliament in its decision to grant or deny the petition, the concretization of the model and the balance needed in cases of collision of two fundamental rights (in this case, articles 23 and 24 of the Spanish Constitution).
Resumen: Este articulo analiza la pertinencia de la brecha entre la doctrina de integración republicana y las dinámicas sociológicas, políticas, culturales y demográficas de las relaciones comunitarias "étnicas" que inducen a un estado de "multiculturalismo de hecho", un multiculturalismo a la francesa. Resultado no deseado de la normatividad hegemónica ciega e hipócrita del principio de unidad cívica de la nación, el multiculturalismo a la francesa, puede presentarse por lo menos teóricamente, como la confluencia de cinco subprocesos: la etnicización del espacio urbano y el debilitamiento del vinculo social (lien social), la especialización territorial y la relegación social, la "politique de la ville" como política étnica (específica), "la inseguridad cultural" y el dinamismo demográfico y la capacidad expansiva de la religiosidad musulmana. Palabras claves: integración, asimilación, multiculturalismo, etnicización,república, islam, banlieues.Abstract: This paper discusses the relevance of the gap between the republican integration doctrine and sociological, political, cultural and demographic dynamics of "ethnic" community relations that induce to a state of "multiculturalism in fact," a French multiculturalism. Unintended result of blind and hypocritical hegemonic regulation of the principle of civic unity of the nation, French multiculturalism can be submitted at least theoretically, as the confluence of five sub-processes: the ethnicization of urban space and the weakening of social bonds (lien social), territorial specialization and social relegation, the "politique de la ville" as ethnic policy (or specific policy), "cultural insecurity" and demographics dynamics and expansion capacity of the Muslim religion.
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