We first in the history of vection research, challenged to induce cutaneous vection by providing the participants body with wind. Participants wore an eye mask to block out all outside visual information, and white noise was presented through a pair of earphones to block out all outside auditory information. We also provided body sway by using a horse-riding machine. The constant wind was provided to the participants from the front, side and behind of them. The results clearly showed that the cutaneous vection by wind was obtained in almost all participants. Even by only wind to the body could induce vection.

We examined whether vection strength could be modulated by altering the exposure duration to optic flow. Experiment 1 sourced 150 different video clips from various Japanese animation works which simulated self-motion. Despite large differences in the content of these video clips, we found a significant positive correlation between their play durations and their ratings of vection magnitude. Experiment 2 examined this relationship further using more tightly controlled visual motion stimuli. Vection was induced by presenting the motion of the same expanding grating stimulus for 8, 16, 32, or 64 seconds. While vection onset latencies remained constant across these four conditions, vection magnitude/strength was found to increase systematically with the exposure duration. As predicted by a recent computational model of vection, we conclude that subjective vection strength does depend on the exposure duration to optic flow.

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