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Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is currently a major topical concern in the literature on maritime industry. Maritime 4.0 is the area concerned with the integrated implementation of digital processes and technologies in the maritime industry. There is, however, a shortage of review studies that can reflect the research directions and various important issues in Maritime 4.0. The purpose of this study is to explore and categorize academic publications concerned with Maritime 4.0 to identify its current research status, main subject categories, emerging trends, current gaps, and future research directions. To provide a comprehensive review of the publications, the study used bibliometric analysis to conduct citation analysis (publication distribution, productive journals, and cross-country collaborations), cooccurrence of the subject categories, cocitation analysis, and keyword frequency analysis. In doing so, the study utilized the Web of Science (WoS) dataset and software packages for data analysis. Finally, the study proposed a research framework composed of five themes to link current research topics with future research trends in Maritime 4.0. The five themes observed were “digitalization technology,” “methodology and techniques,” “management,” “safety and security,” and “environmental issues.” The results revealed that, although scholars and practitioners focused on Maritime 4.0, this area remained underdeveloped. Many scopes under the five themes were left unexplored, such as emerging paradigms of Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain under the theme of “digitalization,” hybrid models (e.g., game theory and genetic algorithms) under the theme of “methodology and techniques,” and social responsibility under the theme of “environmental issues.”

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Over the last decade, many academics, practitioners, and policy-makers have focused on the notion of circular economy (CE) as a way to operationalize sustainable development. There is, however, a shortage of review studies that reflect the evolution and status of CE with respect to sustainability in the maritime industry. The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the development of CE in research on sustainable maritime processes/operations in the maritime industry. To accomplish this, the study uses citation analysis (publication distribution, productive journals, cross-country collaborations), co-occurrence analysis of the subject categories, co-citation analysis, and keyword frequency analysis. To collect data, the study utilizes the Web of Science database. Such software packages as CiteSpace, Histcite, and VOSviewer are used to analyze the data collected. The results clarify that, in the maritime industry, CE is a micro-level sub-set of sustainability. Furthermore, the literature has mainly focused on waste management and life-cycle assessment as measures of CE 1.0 and CE 2.0, respectively. Assessing circularity in terms of R -imperatives highlights that “recycle,” “remanufacture,” “recover,” and “reduce” are widespread practices of circularity in the maritime industry. Shipping companies should evaluate the possibility of implementing CE by realizing shorter loop R -imperatives such as “refuse,” “reduce,” “reuse,” and “repair.” Scholars must further explore underdeveloped R -imperatives such as “refuse,” “refurbish,” “repurpose,” and “remine” in the maritime industry.