Abstract:

Background: The wide spectrum of bone tumors, their rarity, diverse origin and tendency to produce overlapping anatomic patterns pose a definite diagnostic challenge to the orthopedic surgeons and the pathologists. Objective: The present study was intended to find the pattern of bone tumors and their anatomical locations, and histopathological characteristics in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka. Methodology: A retrospective review of the histopathological records of patients with established diagnosis of bone tumors at National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh was done from January 2015 to December 2016 for a period of two (02) years. The demographic data such as the age and sex, anatomical location and histopathological findings were studied from the existing records of the patients and their slides were reexamined. Bone lesions of inflammatory origin were excluded from this study leaving the lesions of both neoplastic and tumor-like origin for further study. Result: A total 283 cases of bone lesions were primarily included in the study. Bone lesions of inflammatory origin (n = 65) were excluded from this study leaving 218 lesions of both neoplastic and tumor-like origin for further study. The median age of the patients was 22 (range: 3 -75) years. In terms of anatomical site of the tumors, over one-third (36.6%) was located in femur 21.1% in tibia, 12.2% in humerus, 6.1% in radius and 5.6% in ulna. In terms of types of bone tumor, 105(48.2%) were benign, 66(30.3%) malignant, 47(21.5%) tumor-like lesions. About 65% of the benign tumors were of Giant cell tumor, 28.5% were osteochondroma, 1% osteoma and 5.7% were of other types. Of the malignant tumors, one-third (33.3%) was of metastatic type, 27.3% Ewing's sarcoma, 22.7% osteosarcoma, 9.1% chondrosarcoma and 4.6% were of other varieties. Conclusion: Primary bone tumors are mainly benign; however, giant cell and metastatic tumors are the most common benign and malignant bone tumors respectively.

Background: Thyroid gland is unique among the endocrine glands in having a wide spectrum of diseases. Lesions of thyroid appear to be common in Bangladesh. Goiter or enlargement of the thyroid may be diffuse or nodular, ranges from functional enlargements, immunologically mediated enlargements to neoplastic lesions. Objectives: This study is aimed to describe the histomorphological spectrum of thyroid lesion in relation to age, sex distribution and also to compare the findings with other studies done in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of NIENT. Methods: It is a prospective study of all thyroidectomy specimens received from June 2020 - May 2021 in Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Dhaka. Bangladesh. The specimens included lobectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy. Formalin fixed specimens were routinely processed and paraffin embedded. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Lesions were classified on the basis of light microscopy as congenital, goiter, inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. Neoplastic lesions were classified according to WHO classification of thyroid tumours. Results: A total of 301 specimens of thyroid were received in department of histopathology during the period from August 2016 to December 2017. No case of follicular carcinoma or lymphoma was found. Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are one of the common problems encountered in surgical practice. Among the varied histomorphological spectrum nodular or multinodular goiter is the most common lesion. Thyroid lesions are more common in female.

Background: Rapid urease test and stool antigen test are both important diagnostic tools for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection among peptic ulcer disease patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the detection capacity of Helicobacter pylori infection with stool antigen test by comparing with rapid urease test among peptic ulcer disease patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Pathology with the collaboration of Department of Gastroenterology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2011 to September 2012 for a period of one year. All the clinically suspected Helicobactor pylori infected peptic ulcer patients attending in the Department of Gastroenterology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for upper GI endoscopy were selected as study population. Stool antigen test for Helicobactor pylori specific antigen from stool sample was done with “ABON-One Step Helicobactor pylori antigen test device”. Endoscopy of upper GIT was performed in the Department of Gastroenterology. Biopsy taken during endoscopy for RUT. Rapid urease test (RUT) of endoscopic biopsy was performed. Result: A total 86 patients were recruited for this study. The mean (±SD) age was found 38.53(±10.40) years. Out of 86 patients 76 cases were SAT positive and 10 cases were negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values and accuracy of SAT with RUT are 85.53%, 90.0%, 98.48%, 45.0%, 86.05% respectively. The area under the curve was 0.283 with the lower and upper limits of 95% confidence interval of 0.133 and 0.432. This was statistically significant (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion the stool antigen test is an effective method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 161-164

Background & objective: The importance of establishing hormone receptor status of tumors for the treatment of women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is often emphasized. It is critical to evaluate hormone receptor status when considering response to endocrine therapy. The present study was intended to evaluate the usefulness of hormone receptor status in breast carcinoma. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka over a period 12 months from July 2009 to June 2010. A total of 30 histopathologically diagnosed cases of breast tumors who were also subjected to immunohistochemical (IHC) test for ER, PR status and HER-2/neu were consecutively included in the study. Patients who have already been treated for malignancy or who had a history of receiving radiotherapy were excluded. Result: Age distributions shows that 40% of the patients were early middle-aged (30-40 years), 30% middle-aged and the rest were either < 30 years or >50 years old. Left breast was involved more often (56.7%) than the right breast (43.3%). The predominant location was upper outer quadrant (43.3%), followed by upper inner quadrant (20%), lower outer quadrant (20%), lower inner quadrant (10%) and central (6.7%). Over half (53.3%) of the tumors were < 5 cm and the rest 5 cm or more. Nearly half (46.7%) of the tumors were moderately differentiated, 36.6% well-differentiated and 16.7% poorly differentiated. In majority (83.3%) of the cases lymph-nodes (axillary lymph nodes) were involved. Based on estrogen and progesterone receptor status, over half (53.3%) of the tumors were ER and PR positive and 40% were Her2/neu overexpressed. Conclusion: The study concluded that half of the Bangladeshi breast cancer patients are ER and PR positive and two in every five cases are Her2/neu overexpressed. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 70-73