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Biomass from M. × giganteus has great promise for use within the bioeconomy sectors, but to maximise environmental benefits, crops must produce high yields while minimising energetically costly inputs. Complex interactions between soil conditions, climatic variations, plant maturity and genotype influence yields and nutrient dynamics, which in turn impacts crop sustainability. To investigate the flux of growth and nutrients in response to a changing environment, M. × giganteus was grown in southwest Poland and sampled monthly (June–November) from 2010 to 2012. Measurements examined the interaction between plant growth and leaf development, and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations of rhizomes, stems and leaves. The three growth years studied were markedly different for growth and meteorological conditions. Between 2010 and 2011, above ground biomass yield increased significantly from 16.5 ± 0.4 t ha−1 to 20.1 ± 0.5 t ha−1. The 2012 rhizome weights at the beginning of the growth season were halved due to extreme frost; however, resulting yield was similar (19.9 ± 0.6 5 t ha−1). Final yield from all three years were successfully predicted using MISCANFOR, and modelling indicated crop yield was water-limited. The seasonal flux of N and K from rhizome to stems and leaves then back to the rhizome at the onset of senescence was as expected in 2010 and 2011. In 2012, no such trend was evident especially for N suggesting different macronutrient sources from rhizome and soil improves the resilience of perennial crop yield across a range of diverse growth conditions.

Infl uence of meteorological conditions on the yield of winter oilseed rape in Lower Silesia. This work uses the results of Post-registration Cultivar and Agricultural Experimentation conducted in 1999-2011 in Lower Silesia, on soils of very good and good wheat complex. The rape vegetation season was divided into fi ve periods that approximately corresponded to the phenological phases of the plant, namely: September-November (from sowing to stemming the growing season in the autumn), December-March (stunted vegetation -renewal of vegetation), April (renewal of vegetation -the beginning of fl owering), May (fl owering), June (end of fl owering -technical maturity). In the constructed regression model the following factors were included: the average air temperature and total precipitation in the periods, the content of phosphorus, potassium and pH of soil and fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Comparing the impact of meteorological conditions in different growing periods of winter rape, it was found that the weakest impact on the yield had temperature and precipitation from September to November. During this period, the optimum for yield are the following conditions: average temperature 10.4°C and precipitation total 145 mm. The winter period (December-March) has the strongest impact on the yield of rape. The yield is conspicuously higher with lower average air temperatures. Optimal for yield is precipitation of 171 mm (highest tested) and a relatively low average air temperature (-0.9°C). In April, the decisive factor is rainfall. Its lower values (12 mm) favour higher yield. The optimum weather in this period is 12 mm precipitation and average temperature of 9.1°C. Rape yield increases with increasing average air temperature in May and is highest when its value is 15°C and rainfall in this month is above average (73 mm). The weather in June has less impact on rape crop than in the three previous periods. The optimal layout is: 27 mm precipitation and temperature 16°C, these values being the smallest tested.

The dissertation attempts to determine the applicability of one of the newest assessment methods of the landscape capacity as a tool supporting the assessment of the investments' impact on the landscape. For the purpose of the research a Wind farm (PROMET-PLAST S.C.) was chosen, which is located in the Gaj Oławski village on a hill, at the Provincial Road No. 396, on the Oława-Strzelin route, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Oława County. In the process of the assessment of the wind farm's impact on the landscape, the photographic documentation was used of the panoramas from 16 observation points designated in places where the visibility zone circle and the communication route cross. The Krajewski's method of the assessment of the landscape capacity was used (2012), which constituted the starting point for the studies. The following criteria for this assessment were adopted: the terrain construction, the land cover and visibility. The landscape capacity arising from the historical value (the higher the historical value, the lesser the landscape capacity), visual values (related to the topographic conditions) and the exposure (active and passive one) was examined. The method applied did not fully allow to determine the overall landscape capacity. However, its use during the phase of the investment preparation (the choice of location in the field), through the appropriate location depending on the type of landscape, topography, spatial relationships, can minimize the potential negative impact.