A 65-year-old woman had been treated with acupuncture therapy for lumbago . She developed lumbar pain and high fever. CT scan revealed the low density area as abscess inthe left pelvic lesion . Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from blood and pus of the abscess. She was recovered completely after the administration of cefazoline, cloxacillin and minocycline.

M., SATO, T. and SUNAMOTO, J. Polysaccharide-Coated Liposomal Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Murine Pulmonary Candidiasis. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 168 (3), [483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490] Amylopectin-coated liposomal amphotericin B was investigated in a murine model of pulmonary candidiasis. The LD50 of amylopectincoated liposomal amphotericin B in normal mice was more than 10.0 mg/kg, and that of conventional amphotericin B was 1.2 mg/kg. Amylopectin-coated liposomes showed twice the concentration in the lungs of conventional liposomes. Candida albicans was inoculated intratracheally into BALB/C mice. Twentyfour hours later, the number of Candida in the lungs of mice treated with amylopectin-coated liposomes was less than in those treated with conventional liposomes, and amylopectin-coated liposomes improved the survival rate of inoculated mice. Coating liposomes with amylopectin aids the targeting of amphotericin B to the lungs. liposome ; amphotericin B ; amylopectin ; pulmonary candidiasis ; HPLC Encapsulation of amphotericin B with liposomes decreases its toxicity (Graybill et al. 1982;Lopez-Berestein et al. 1984b). We also confirmed reduced toxicity and increased efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B in murine candidiasis (Miyazaki et al. 1990). Liposomes distribute mainly in the reticuloendothelial systems, but coating liposomes with polysaccharide reduced the distribution. Takada and co-workers reported that polysaccharide-coated liposomes distributed more preferentially in the lungs than conventional liposomes (Takada et al. 1984). In the present study, the higher concentrations of polysaccharide-coated liposomes in lungs suggested their therapeutic efficacy in respiratory infection. We used these polysaccharide-coated liposomes as an amphotericin B carrier for the therapy of murine pulmonary candidiasis.

The clinical efficacy and safety of Roxithromycin (RU) were compared with those of Midecamycin acetate (MOM) in patients with pneumonia in a double blind study. RU and MOM were administered orally for 14 days with daily doses of 300 mg (150 mg b.i.d.) and 600 mg (200 mg t.i.d.), respectively. The following results were obtained. 1. RU and MOM were administered to a total of 204 patients (RU: 101, MOM: 103). The clinical efficacy was judged in 150 patients (RU: 70, MOM: 80), with 54 of the patients excluded from the total by the committee. 2. The clinical efficacy rates were 81.4% for RU and 70.0% for MOM on the basis of the committee's judgement. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In the evaluation of the clinical efficacy by the doctors in charge, the efficacy rates were 81.4% for RU and 67.5% for MOM, which constitutes a significant difference between the two groups (p less than 0.05). 3. No significant difference was found between the two drugs in bacteriological efficacy. 4. No significant differences were observed in either the incidence of side effects between RU (4.3%) and MOM (4.0%) or in abnormal changes in the laboratory findings. 5. Regarding the clinical usefulness judged by the committee, RU showed a significantly higher rate than MOM (79.2% vs. 67.9%). There was no significant difference in the judgement by the doctors in charge. From the above results, it was concluded that a daily dosage of 300 mg of RU was equal in usefulness to 600 mg daily of MOM in the treatment of mild to moderate pneumonia.

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