Background: Every year, large number of women are suffering from cervical cancer. Particularly women living with HIV are at high-risk of being suffered with it. Early testing of high-risk HPV infection can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, lack of early and regular testing has been identified as one of the major problems among risky populations. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities with a total sample size of 406 from February 1–March 30. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5 and exported to statistical package for social science version 24 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of high-risk human HPV. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to test association between exposure and outcome under study and p-value< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections among study participant was 173(35.2%) with 95% CI (30.5%-40.1%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV type 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV types were 62(15.3%), 23(5.7%) and 58(14.3%), respectively. Having history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR=3.120; 95% CI (1.977-4.923)], Endline CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 [AOR=3.072; 95% CI(1.009-9.350)], Endline HIV viral-load >50 copies/ml [AOR=3.446; 95% CI(1.368-8.683)] and more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR=2.112; 95% CI(1.297-3.441)] were significantly associated with high-risk HPV infections. Conclusion: More than one third of women living with HIV had high-risk HPV. Having history of STI, low CD4 count, high viral load and multiple sexual partners were associated with high risk HPV. HIV positive women with these risk factors should be given special consideration in clinical and public health intervention

Background Every year, large number of women are suffering from cervical cancer. Particularly women living with HIV are at high-risk of being suffered with it. Early testing of high-risk human papillomavirus infection can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, lack of early and regular testing has been identified as one of the major problems among risky populations. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities with a total sample size of 406 from February 1–March 30, 2022. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5 and exported to statistical package for social science version 24 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to test association between exposure and outcome under study and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections among study participant was 173(35.2%) with 95% CI (30.5%-40.1%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV type 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV types were 62(15.3%), 23(5.7%) and 58(14.3%), respectively. Having history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 3.120; 95% CI (1.977–4.923)], Endline CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 [AOR = 3.072; 95% CI(1.009–9.350)], Endline HIV viral-load ≥ 50 copies/ml [AOR = 3.446; 95% CI(1.368–8.683)] and more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR = 2.112; 95% CI(1.297–3.441)] were significantly associated with high-risk HPV infections. Conclusion More than one third of women living with HIV had high-risk HPV. Having history of STI, low CD4 count, high viral load and multiple sexual partners were associated with high risk HPV. HIV positive women with these risk factors should be given special consideration in clinical and public health intervention.

Background Access to outpatient therapeutic feeding programs (OTP) for all children who have uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a global public health priority. Identifying predictors that determine time-to-recovery from severe acute malnutrition optimize therapeutic success. However, reliable evidence on the determinants of time to recovery at health posts was not available in Nagele Arsi district of South Ethiopia. Objective This study was aimed to identify determinants of time-to-recovery from uncomplicated SAM among children aged (6–59) months treated at an OTP in health posts of Nagele Arsi district, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 357 children treated in Negele Arsi district from July1, 2018 to June 30, 2020. The children were selected using simple random sampling from 20 health posts. SAM treatment outcomes were compared against international SPHERE standards. The average time-to-recovery was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the independent predictors of time to recovery were determined using multivariable Cox-proportional hazard model. The strength of the association was done using adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05. The results were presented by text, tables and figures. Result A total of 284 (79.6%) children recovered during follow up. The mean weight gain for recovered children was 4.7 + 2.4 g/kg/day. The median time-to-recovery was 44 days 95% CI (42.7–45.3). Children who received Amoxicillin, AHR =2.574, 95% CI (1.879–3.525); de-wormed, AHR = 1.519, 95% CI (1.137–2.031); received Vitamin A, AHR = 2.518, 95% CI, (1.921–3.301) and new admissions, AHR = 1.823, 95%CI, (1.224–2.715) were more likely to recover. However, those who admitted with non-edema, AHR = 0.256, 95% CI, (0.189–0.346); had cough at admission, AHR = 0.513, 95 CI, (0.366–0.719) and had diarrhea at admission AHR = 0.5, 95% CI, 0.5 (0.350–0.712) were less likely to recover. Conclusion and recommendation The recovery rate was within the acceptable ranges of International Sphere Standards. Those children who had cough and diarrhea should be given due attention from health extension workers and program planners. Appropriate provision of routine medication and timely intervention of co-morbidity are needed to increase chance of early recovery.