Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are one of the major complications that are seen in patients undergoing surgeries and are also a significant cause of increased duration of hospital stay and mortality. Owing to their high incidence the present study was done to assess the risk and incidence of PPCs using the assess respiratory risk in surgical patients in catalonia (ARISCAT) score and to observe the mortality related to PPCS.Methods: The study was done at a tertiary care center over a period of three month and 150 patients were involved. The patients were the categorized into three risk groups and were observed for development of any PPCs.Results: Out of the 150 patients that were studied, 29 developed some form of PPC. 21 out of these 29 (72.41%) patients were from the high-risk category. 11 out of the 29 patients died in a span of 30 days. Pneumonia was seen to be the most common PPC.Conclusions: ARISCAT score can be useful as a preoperative evaluation tool to classify patients into risk groups and predict the development of PPC in the high-risk groups and to take measures to reduce the risk of PPCs. We conclude from our study that anemia, emergency surgery and surgery with duration of more than 3 hours were significant factors contributing to both the incidence and mortality of PPCs irrespective of the risk group.

Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) lead to various changes in the normal mechanisms of hemodynamics. Pregnancy in women with CHDs is rare. Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) is a rare disorder, in which both the aorta and the pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle. We present a case of a thirty-year-old pregnant woman who presented to us with 22 weeks of amenorrhea. She had DORV with VSD, which was undiagnosed till she came to our hospital. Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) is a rare congenital heart disease. Pregnancy in a patient with DORV needs early diagnosis and a stepwise multidisciplinary approach for successful outcomes.

Moyamoya cerebral angiopathy is characterized by progressive stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery or its branches with subsequent development of basilar collaterals. It is commonly seen in Asian population. Authors present a case report of a 12 year-old boy with Multidrug resistant tuberculosis with Moyamoya disease. Moyamoya disease rarely coexists with tuberculosis. However, we can infer that tuberculosis may coexist in a patient in a patient of Moyamoya disease.

Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy (HSAN) is a rare group of diseases involving varying degrees of peripheral nervous system. It is classified into five main types. HSAN type 4 is associated with insensitivity to pain and temperature and anihidrosis. The method of this study was to authors present a case report of a 3 year-old boy with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type 4 presenting with chronic ulcers. Conclusions of this study was to HSAN type IV is a rare condition. There is no definitive treatment available presently for this condition.

Background: While traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Indian subcontinent, little is known regarding its basic characteristics. While CT scanning plays an important role in primary assessment of TBI, it is not always indicated in cases of mild TBI. Thus, the present study was carried out to describe the characteristics of cases of mild TBI presenting to a tertiary care hospital in India and determine the need for CT scanning in them using the National Emergency X-radiation Utilization Study (NEXUS) decision instrument.Methods: In this prospective study, a detailed history was obtained, and clinical examination performed for each patient, followed by calculation of the NEXUS score. CT scan findings were recorded. Outcome measures were safe discharge, need for neurosurgical intervention or death.Results: Out of the 425 patients, 87.05% were males. Road Traffic Accident (RTA) was the most common mode of injury. 206 patients had significant intracranial injuries, with skull fractures and hemorrhagic contusions being the most common.138 out of these 206 had a positive NEXUS score. ENT bleed and history of loss of consciousness were also found to be important predictors of significant intracranial injuries. 83 patients were discharged safely from the emergency department, 14 required neurosurgical intervention and 2 died during the course of their stay in the hospital. Conclusions: NEXUS decision instrument can be a useful tool to determine the need for CT scanning in patients of mild TBI.