An understanding of the aetiology of a ureteral stricture is crucial to determining the appropriate course of management. Many times, the aetiology of a ureteral stricture can fall under the umbrella of benign or malignant disease, as well as the secondary effect of intrinsic or extrinsic ureteral obstruction. Whether benign or malignant, most ureteral strictures form after a period of prolonged ischaemia leading to inflammation, fibrosis and stricture formation. Often a histological examination of tissue from a ureteral stricture will reveal inflammation, collagen deposition and fibrosis. Among the most common causes of malignant ureteral stricture are urothelial carcinoma, or metastatic cervical, prostatic, ovarian, breast and colon cancer. 1 Lower ureteral

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