BackgroundEndometrial receptivity is required for successful implantation and pregnancy. Despite the remaining controversy, many studies have shown that ultrasonographic endometrial thickness can be considered as an indicator of endometrial receptivity.ObjectiveThe study objective was to investigate the effect of dilatation and curettage on the endometrial thickness.Materials and MethodsEnrolled in the study were 444 patients visited in Obstetrics & Gynecology clinic of Shahid Sadoughi hospital between Jan. 2011 to Sep. 2012. Only patients whose menstrual cycle was regular were included in study. Patients with myoma, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps or other uterine anomaly, those who smoked, whose BMI was greater than 30 and who were taking medications that could affect endometrial thickness were excluded. Endometrial thickness was measured one day before evolution (n = 444) and 5-7 days after it (n = 444) using transvaginal ultrasonography. The endometrial thicknesses were correlated to the patients’ history of dilatation and curettage. Data analysis was done through SPSS software version 16 and using descriptive statistics, independent T-test and Anova.ResultsEndometrial thickness in patients who had 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 D&C were 10.00 ± 0.58, 9.83 ± 0.47, 8.90 ± 0.92, 7.42 ± 0.18 and 7.40 ± 0.07, respectively one day before ovulation (spearman’s correlation coefficient = -0.33) and 10.62 ± 0.68, 9.64 ± 0.49, 8.48 ± 0.96, 6.32 ± 0.15 and 6.90 ± 0.04, respectively, 5-7 days after ovulation (spearman’s correlation coefficient = -0.66) estradiol and progesterone levels, measured in the day of 2nd ultrasonography had not statistic relation with endometrial thickness (P = 0.27 and 0.31). The relation of endometrial thickness and age was not significant (P = 0.54 and 0.06).ConclusionsDilatation and curettage has a significant effect on the endometrial thinning.

Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common otologic disease characterized by a loss of hearing greater than 30 dB in three consecutive frequencies which occurs in less than 72 hours. Objective: To investigate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Search strategy: A PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, OVID, EMBASE and Google Scholar search (date last searched April 2016) without any time, language and location restriction was done. Inclusion criteria: All case-control studies, which have been investigated the relationship of NLR and PLR with the occurrence of SSNHL were included in our meta-analysis.Results: A total of 5 case-control studies were included in the study. All 5 studies have been reported NLR of patients and control groups (611 patients and 804 controls). Our analysis showed that the mean NLR of patients is 1.12 (0.82-1.43) unit higher than that of controls with 95% CI which is statistically significant. Also, 3 studies have been reported PLR of patients and control groups (512 patients and 705 controls). Our analysis showed that the mean PLR of patients is 0.57 (0.08-1.05) unit higher than that of controls with 95% CI which is statistically significant too. Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirmed the relationship of NLR and PLR with SSNHL. Therefore, these parameters can be considered as new markers in diagnosis of SSNHL.Keywords: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio Cite This Article: Bahrami, M., Ansari, A., Chaman-Ara, K., Bahrami, E., Bahrami, S., Bahrami, M., Barati, O., Moosazadeh, M., Guzhan Kum, R. 2016. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as novel markers for diagnosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Preterm labor is a common complication of pregnancy which has become a main health concern around the world due to its negative consequences. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of progesterone therapy in the prevention of preterm labor in women with single risk factor. Search strategy: A PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, Scopus, OVID, EMBASE, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar search (date last searched April 2016) without any time, language and location restriction was done. Inclusion criteria: All randomized clinical trials of singleton pregnancies with single risk factor (prior preterm labor without short cervical length or short cervical length without prior preterm labor) which were randomized to progesterone and control groups were included in our meta-analysis. Primary outcome: Our primary outcome was gestational age at delivery. Results: 13 studies (1259 subjects and 2653 control women) were included in the meta-analysis. Using random effect model showed that mean gestational age at delivery of progesterone group is 0.74 (0.41-1.06) month longer than that of control group with CI=95% which is significant statically. Conclusions: Progesterone therapy is an effective intervention for the prevention of preterm labor in women with single risk factor.

Breast cancer is the most common women cancer around the world. The disease, its diagnosis and treatment impose considerable negative physical and psychosocial effects on the patients and severely threaten their quality of life. Surgical treatment with different types is the most used option for breast cancer treatment. In this mini-review we briefly reviewed the effects of different surgery types on the breast cancer patients' quality of life. Current evidence shows that breast preserving surgery saves patients' quality of life more than other surgery types.

Background: Preterm birth is a worldwide concern with widespread negative consequences. Therefore, prevention of preterm birth has become a top priority of health managers and clinicians in recent decades.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of progesterone therapy in the prevention of preterm labor in women with mixed risk factors.Search strategy: An extensive search of electronic databases was done (date last searched April 2016). No restrictions of language, time, or geographic location were applied.Inclusion criteria: All randomized clinical trials of singleton pregnancies with multiple risk factors (including prior preterm birth and short cervical length) that were randomized to treatment with progesterone (intervention group) and placebo or no treatment (control group) were included in meta-analysis.Primary outcome: Our primary outcome was gestational age at delivery.Results: Three Randomized Clinical Trials (521 subjects and 37,823 control women) were included. A random effect model showed that mean gestational age at delivery of progesterone group is 0.18 (-0.41-0.77) month longer than that of control group with with 95% confidence interval but this difference is not statically significant. Conclusions:Progesterone therapy does not have sufficient efficacy in the prevention of preterm labor in women with multiple risk factors. However, further investigation is required to unequivocally establish this result.