This research investigated the cointegration and causal relationships between children’s quality and quantity in Nigeria. The research was based on secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicator database (1980-2014), United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for statistics online database. Children’s quality denoted by the education of the child was proxied by government education expenditure and life expectancy rate, while the quantity of the children denoted by the size of the family was proxied by total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, and the adolescent fertility rate. For analysis, Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, Johansen-Juselius cointegration analysis, and Granger causality tests were conducted. Johansen-Juselius cointegration test results indicate that there is a long-term relationship among the selected variables. Meanwhile, the Granger causality test shows that the causation between the quality and quantity of children is both unidirectional and bi-directional depending on the variable of the quantity of children. The quantity of the children is the cause in the unidirectional causation. Furthermore, a trade-off is established between the quality and quantity of children. Therefore, the policies of the government in encouraging and promoting the reduction of the rate of fertility should be pursued further for an increased level of education of the child.

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The sustainable development goals have been shown to be interdependent. Infants and children are important target groups for enhancing the future prospects of any society through improved welfare. It is noted that child's development within the home could be hampered when the family is poor and devoid of decent employment, so employed parents' income is an important mean to secure the child's well-being. However, the effects of parents' work on the child have been found to be ambiguous. The current study examined the relationship between the child's well-being and parents' employment status in Nigeria with the use of multiple regression technique. The results suggest that employment of each of the parents dampened the child's health, while the earnings from their wages and salary enhanced the child's well-being. To address the parents' work and childcare conflicts and maximise the benefits of the parents' earning, government should generate better quality jobs, proffer family-friendly policies which are adequate and capable of helping women to achieve work-family balance, and also encourage both public and private employers of labour to do so.

The sustainable development goals have been shown to be interdependent. Infants and children are important target groups for enhancing the future prospects of any society through improved welfare. It is noted that child's development within the home could be hampered when the family is poor and devoid of decent employment, so employed parents' income is an important mean to secure the child's well-being. However, the effects of parents' work on the child have been found to be ambiguous. The current study examined the relationship between the child's well-being and parents' employment status in Nigeria with the use of multiple regression technique. The results suggest that employment of each of the parents dampened the child's health, while the earnings from their wages and salary enhanced the child's well-being. To address the parents' work and childcare conflicts and maximise the benefits of the parents' earning, government should generate better quality jobs, proffer family-friendly policies which are adequate and capable of helping women to achieve work-family balance, and also encourage both public and private employers of labour to do so.