This paper examined the macroeconomic determinants of under-five mortality rate in Nigeria between 1980 and 2017. The study was predicated on the Grossman analytical framework rooted in the human capital development theory. A macro-econometric model incorporating major macroeconomic variables in explaining under-five mortality health outcomes. ARDL bound test estimation technique that took into consideration error correction mechanism was used. Tests of the model’s reliability were carried out using unit root and co-integration tests. The influences of government health expenditure was significant, however both immunisation initiatives and health workers exerted an insignificant positive influence on under-five mortality rate. Thus, the study recommends policies targeted to improve Nigeria health system both in terms of creation of awareness relating to the service delivery and human capital development of the professionals in the sector to avert brain drain syndrome in the country.JEL Classification: J11, J13 How to Cite:Agbatogun, K. K., & Opeloyeru, O. K. (2020). Macroeconomic Determinants of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Nigeria. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.13751.

This paper examines the effect of macroeconomic variables, demographic factors toward current account balance in Nigeria. It analyzed the connection between each of domestic savings and investment on current account balance by examining the role and direction of the selected demographic variables. The Toda-Yamamoto approach to causality was used to analyze the study. The result shows that the direction of causality was from both domestic saving and investment to current account balance. However, there is no reverse causation from the current account balance to domestic saving and investment. Thus, the selected demographic variables had no significant causation towards current account balance, investment, and domestic saving. The government needs to finance the desired investment through increased domestic saving without undue reliance on foreign resources

Socioeconomic Determinants of Life Expectancy in Nigeria 1. Introduction Fifty years after independence, Nigeria health indicators have stagnated or worsened during the past decades, despite investment from private and public sectors to enhance the quality of health of the Nigerian people. Everyday, more than 160 Nigerians die of malaria, malnutrition or complications of pregnancy and childbirth (Adetokunbo, 2006), which means more than 58,400 lives are lost to avoidable health problems yearly. Despite the promise of health for all by 2000 in 1990s, and later emphasized in Vision 20, 2020, this lofty goal is yet to be realised in Nigeria. The national strategic health development plan 2009 to 2013 (NDHS, 2008) contends that " the health status indicators for Nigerians are among the worst in the world and that on the average, health status of the population has declined, compared with the indicators of a decade earlier." Life expectancy at birth, which is a strong measure of health outcomes, measures the quality of life lived right from birth till the time of death (Francesco and Marios, (2006); Fayissa and Gutema, (2005)), has continued to drop, reported to be 47.55 years in 2008 (Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS, 2008)). There was a marginal increase in the value in 2011 as it was recorded to be 48.4 years, five years lower than the 53 years average for the less developed countries (LDCs). The funding of the sector is grossly inadequate. Even where there is enough fund, there is mismatch of funding, because the tertiary health institutions get more than the local health institutions. Ironically, the disease burden is more in local communities. Life expectancy at birth has continued to drop, reported to be 47.55 years in 2008 (Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS, 2008)). There was a marginal increase in the value in 2011 as it was recorded to be 48.4 years, five years lower than the 53 years average for the less developed countries (LDCs). However, from 2015, there has been an average of 0.84% marginal increase in life expectancy in Nigeria. For instance, it increased by 0.84% to 53.29 years in 2016 and equally increased by the same magnitude in 2017 to 53.73 years in 2017, though this is still less to what is obtainable most less developed countries which ranges between 50 and 60 years (OECD, 2019

The study examined the interaction among income inequality, economic growth, and poverty with a view of assessing the extent of inclusiveness of growth in selected African countries. Using a dataset from World Development Indicators (WDI) and Standardized World Income Inequality Dataset (SWIID), the study adopted Vector AutoRegression (VAR) method in its econometric analysis. Its findings show that only "West" African countries exhibit partial traits of inclusiveness of growth. Thus, the study recommends the provision and implementation of distributional and growth-oriented macroeconomic policies, as well as investment in public infrastructure to spread the benefits of growth to all in African countries.

The major concern of the study is on healthcare financing and health outcomes in the major oil-producing countries in Africa. We used the data sorted from World Development Indicators (WDI) to identify the effect of four different health expenditures on rate of mortalities on maternal, under-five, infant, neonatal and life expectancy at birth through random and fixed effect models. This paper also takes cognizance of the environmental variable(pollution) that is common to the top 10 oil-producing countries in Africa. Our findings showed that high health expenditure from government, private and external sources improved health outcomes, while health expenditure from out of pocket is detrimental to health outcomes. Also, the environmental variable has a negative impact on life expectancy. The outcome of the paper indicated that there is need to reduce environmental pollution, increase health expenditure from government, private, external sources and reduce out of pocket payments in the selected areas.