Triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and storage in tissues such as adipose tissue and liver have important roles in metabolic homeostasis. The molecular identification of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze steps in TAG biosynthesis from glycerol 3-phosphate has revealed an unexpected number of protein isoforms of the glycerol phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), and lipin (phosphatidate phosphatase) families that appear to catalyze similar biochemical reactions. However, on the basis of available data for a few members in which genetic deficiencies in mouse and/or human have been studied, we postulate that each GPAT, AGPAT, and lipin family member likely has a specialized role that may be uncovered through careful biochemical and physiological analyses.

Both genomic and complementary DNA clones encoding poliovirus receptors were isolated from genomic and complementary DNA libraries prepared from HeLa S3 cells, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these cloned DNAs revealed that the poliovirus receptor gene is approximately 20 kb long and contains seven introns in the coding region, and that at least four mRNA isoforms referring to the coding sequence are generated by alternative splicing and appear to encode four different molecules, that is, PVR alpha, PVR beta, PVR gamma and PVR delta. The predicted amino acid sequences indicate that PVR alpha and PVR delta, corresponding to the previously described cDNA clones H20A and H20B, respectively, are integral membrane proteins while the other two molecules described here for the first time lack a putative transmembrane domain. Mouse cell transformants carrying PVR alpha were permissive for poliovirus infection, but those carrying PVR beta were hardly permissive. In contrast to PVR alpha, PVR beta was not detected on the surface of the mouse cell transformants but was detected in the culture fluid by an immunological method using a monoclonal antibody against poliovirus receptor. Three types of splicing products for PVR alpha, PVR beta and PVR gamma were detected by polymerase chain reactions using appropriate primers in poly(A)+ RNAs of the brain, leukocyte, liver, lung and placenta of humans; the choice of primers used did not permit detection of PVR delta. In situ hybridization using a cDNA fragment as a probe demonstrated that the PVR gene is located at the band q13.1––13.2 of human chromosome 19.

Abstract-Signal recovery from unitarily invariant measurements is investigated in this paper. A message-passing algorithm is formulated on the basis of expectation propagation (EP). A rigorous analysis is presented for the dynamics of the algorithm in the large system limit, where both input and output dimensions tend to infinity while the compression rate is kept constant. The main result is the justification of state evolution (SE) equations conjectured by Ma and Ping. This result implies that the EPbased algorithm achieves the Bayes-optimal performance derived by Takeda et al. in 2006 via a non-rigorous tool in statistical physics, when the compression rate is larger than a threshold. The proof is based on an extension of a conventional conditioning technique for the standard Gaussian matrix to the case of the Haar matrix.

This paper investigates sparse signal recovery based on expectation propagation (EP) from unitarily invariant measurements. A rigorous analysis is presented for the state evolution (SE) of an EP-based message-passing algorithm in the large system limit, where both input and output dimensions tend to infinity at an identical speed. The main result is the justification of an SE formula conjectured by Ma and Ping.

Background: Lipin-1-deficient cells cannot differentiate into mature adipocytes. Results: Lipin-1 phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity, but not its coactivator activity, is required for induction of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ␥ (PPAR␥). Conclusion: Lipin-1 modulation of phosphatidic acid levels is required for early steps in adipogenesis. Significance: The levels of signaling lipids are important in adipogenesis prior to fat storage.