Fuzzy spheres appear as classical solutions in a matrix model obtained via dimensional reduction of 3-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with the Chern-Simons term. Well-defined perturbative expansion around these solutions can be formulated even for finite matrix size, and in the case of k coincident fuzzy spheres it gives rise to a regularized U(k) gauge theory on a noncommutative geometry. Here we study the matrix model nonperturbatively by Monte Carlo simulation. The system undergoes a first order phase transition as we change the coefficient (α) of the Chern-Simons term. In the small α phase, the large N properties of the system are qualitatively the same as in the pure Yang-Mills model (α = 0), whereas in the large α phase a single fuzzy sphere emerges dynamically. Various 'multi fuzzy spheres' are observed as meta-stable states, and we argue in particular that the k coincident fuzzy spheres cannot be realized as the true vacuum in this model even in the large N limit. We also perform one-loop calculations of various observables for arbitrary k including k = 1. Comparison with our Monte Carlo data suggests that higher order corrections are suppressed in the large N limit.

We investigate the chiral anomaly for fermions in the fundamental representation on a noncommutative ͑fuzzy͒ 2-sphere. In spite of the fact that this system is realized by finite dimensional matrices and no regularization is necessary for either UV or IR, we can reproduce the correct chiral anomaly which is consistent with the calculations done in flat noncommutative space. As in the flat case, there are ambiguities in defining the chiral currents. We define the chiral currents in a gauge-invariant way and a gauge-covariant way, and show that the corresponding anomalous chiral Ward-Takahashi identities take different forms. The Ward-Takahashi identity for the gauge-invariant current contains explicit nonlocality while that for the covariant one is given by a local expression.

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We investigate several properties of Ginsparg-Wilson fermion on fuzzy 2-sphere.We first examine chiral anomaly up to the second order of the gauge field and show that it is indeed reduced to the correct form of the Chern character in the commutative limit. Next we study topologically non-trivial gauge configurations and their topological charges. We investigate 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole type configuration on fuzzy 2-sphere and show that it has the correct commutative limit. We also consider more general configurations in our formulation.

In the complex action theory (CAT) we explicitly examine how the momentum and Hamiltonian are defined from the Feynman path integral (FPI) point of view based on the complex coordinate formalism of our foregoing paper. After reviewing the formalism briefly, we describe in FPI with a Lagrangian the time development of a ξ-parametrized wave function, which is a solution to an eigenvalue problem of a momentum operator. Solving this eigenvalue problem, we derive the momentum, Hamiltonian, and Schrödinger equation. Oppositely, starting from the Hamiltonian we derive the Lagrangian in FPI, and we are led to the momentum relation again via the saddle point for p. This study confirms that the momentum and Hamiltonian in the CAT have the same forms as those in the real action theory. We also show the third derivation of the momentum relation via the saddle point for q.