All the periprostatic structures are closely related and influence each other. The results support the rationale of anatomical radical prostatectomy, and should be taken into consideration for surgical procedures and pathological diagnosis.

Purpose:To elucidate the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in localizing prostate carcinoma (PC) using stepwise histopathology as a reference. Materials and Methods:Preoperative MR images of 37 patients with PC who had undergone radical prostatectomy were retrospectively evaluated. First, T2-weighted images (T2WI) alone were interpreted (T2WI reading), and then T2WI along with ADC map were interpreted (T2WI/ ADC map reading). Sextant-based sensitivity and specificity, and the ratio of the detected volume to the whole tumor volume (% tumor volume) were compared between the two interpretations, and results were also correlated to Gleason's scores (GS). ADC values were correlated to histological grades.Results: Sensitivity was significantly higher in T2WI/ ADC map reading than in T2WI reading (71% vs. 51%), but specificity was similar (61% vs. 60%). By adding ADC map to T2WI, % tumor volume detected increased significantly in transitional zone (TZ) lesions, but not in peripheral zone (PZ) lesions. % tumor volume detected with T2WI/ADC map reading showed a positive correlation with GS of the specimens. Less differentiated PC were associated with lower ADC values and higher detectability.Conclusion: T2WI/ADC map reading was better than T2WI reading in PC detection and localization. This approach may be particularly useful for detecting TZ lesions and biologically aggressive lesions.

Purpose: Invasion and metastasis are key steps in the progression of urothelial cancer (UC) into a critical disease. Foxo3a is a member of the Foxo transcription factor family that modulates the expression of various genes. We aimed to elucidate the role of Foxo3a in UC invasion.Experimental Design: Foxo3a mRNA and protein expressions in UC samples were investigated by gene expression assays and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Foxo3a expression was compared with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient prognoses based on UC samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and migration assays were also conducted in UC cells.Results: Foxo3a expression decreased in invasive UC; patients with low Foxo3a expression had poor disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival; Foxo3a knockdown in UC cells increased cellular motility. Foxo3a negatively regulated Twist1 and Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1), and positively regulated E-cadherin in KK47 and TCCsup cells that expressed Twist1, but not in T24 cells that did not express Twist1. Foxo3a-associated acetyltransferase p300 and Foxo3a acetylation status also affected UC motility.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Foxo3a regulates motility of UC through negative regulation of Twist1 and YB-1, and through positive regulation of E-cadherin. This suggests that Foxo3a could act as an independent prognostic factor in UC and could represent a promising molecular target for cancer therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5654-63. Ó2010 AACR.

Our study suggests the possibility of androgen suppression therapy as prophylaxis for intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer. Further explorations are warranted of the prophylactic effect of androgen suppression therapy on bladder cancer pathogenesis.

Recently, much attention has been paid to nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of metastatic renal cancer. Mature donor T cells cause graftversus-host disease (GVHD) although they are also the main mediators of the beneficial graft-versus-tumor activity associated with this treatment. Hence, the segregation of the graftversus-tumor activity from GVHD is an important challenge in managing the clinical course of treatment. We previously reported a series of studies regarding the allograft tolerance induced by allogeneic spleen cells (with bone marrow cells) and cyclophosphamide in mice. Here, we show a modified cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance system for the treatment of murine renal cell carcinoma, RENCA, by shifting the equal balance between graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft reactions toward graft-versus-host reaction with donor lymphocyte infusion. Our results clearly show the antitumor activity against RENCA with only low levels of mixed chimerism in the periphery and the in vivo and in vitro acquired immunity against RENCA even when mixed chimerism is almost undetectable. Because the withdrawal of mixed chimerism reduces the risk of GVHD, the antitumor activity is thus sequentially segregated from the initial GVHD in our model. We believe that this is the first unique model system of nonmyeloablative allogeneic hemopoietic cell transplantation to ever be reported for the treatment of renal cancer. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(21): 10032-40)