In this study, the author attempts to elucidate the regional resources of day nurseries from the view point of the outdoor activities.The authors conducted the questionnaire survey to day nurseries in Yokohama City. The results showed that 70% of the authorized day nurseries had the outdoor activities more than once a week, and 84% of the Yokohama day nurseries had them almost every day. To compare with the authorized day nurseries, the Yokohama day nurseries had smaller play ground, and they always use regional resources. Moreover, most of the day nurseries use not only the parks but also the roads to childcare and education place corresponding to the childcare aim.Keywords� �� day nursery, outdoor activity space , outdoor activity for day nursery, regional resource, route, park In this study, the author attempts to elucidate the regional resources of day nurseries from the view point of the outdoor activities.The authors conducted the questionnaire survey to day nurseries in Yokohama City. The results showed that 70% of the authorized day nurseries had the outdoor activities more than once a week, and 84% of the Yokohama day nurseries had them almost every day. To compare with the authorized day nurseries, the Yokohama day nurseries had smaller play ground, and they always use regional resources. Moreover, most of the day nurseries use not only the parks but also the roads to childcare and education place corresponding to the childcare aim. In this study, the author attempts to elucidate the regional resources of day nurseries from the view point of the outdoor activities. Keywords� �� day nursery, outdoor activity space , outdoor activity for day nursery, regional resource, route, parkThe authors conducted the questionnaire survey to day nurseries in Yokohama City. The results showed that 70% of the authorized day nurseries had the outdoor activities more than once a week, and 84% of the Yokohama day nurseries had them almost every day. To compare with the authorized day nurseries, the Yokohama day nurseries had smaller play ground, and they always use regional resources. Moreover, most of the day nurseries use not only the parks but also the roads to childcare and education place corresponding to the childcare aim.Keywords� �� day nursery, outdoor activity space , outdoor activity for day nursery, regional resource, route, park

No abstract

<Objectives> Promising results of cord blood transplants from unrelated donors have been reported in adults. To compare of outcomes of bone marrow transplants (BMT, n = 51), and umbilical cord blood transplants (UCBT, n = 110) from unrelated donors in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) / myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we analyzed retrospectively the results of 161 adult patients with AML and MDS in our hospital. <Patients and Methods> We reviewed medical records of 161 patients with AML/MDS who had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an unrelated donor between August 2000 and April 2007 at Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. <Results> Patient’s median age was 55 years (17–71). Diagnoses include de novo AML (n =85), MDS overt AML (n=48), refractory anemia (RA) (n=13), and refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) (n=15). Disease status consisted of standard (CR1 of AML and RA, n=30) and advanced (other status, n=131). Recipients of UCBT had more advanced disease than recipients of BMT at the time of transplantation (89 percent vs. 65 percent, P<0.001). The median number of nucleated cells that were infused was 0.26×108 per kilogram of the recipient’s body weight for cord blood and 2.5×108 per kilogram for bone marrow (P<0.001). The major difference were higher number in the UCBT group of HLA mismatches (defined by serology for class 1 and molecular typing for DRB1).The donor was HLA mismatched in 96% of UCBT recipients, and in 41% of BMT recipients (P<0.001). Other significant differences were observed in preparative regimens, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Nonadjusted estimates of 2-year OS and DFS rates were 53% and 48% in the BMT group, and 33% and 25% in the UCBT group (P<0.001). However, 2-year OS and DFS rates in the standard group were not significantly different in the two groups (63% and 63% in the BMT group, and 75% and 58% in the UCBT group; p=0.98 and 0.32). Compared with BMT recipients, UCBT recipients had delayed hematopoietic recovery (Hazard ratio [HR]= 0.52; 95% confidence interval [95CI]: 0.36–0.75; p<0.001), increased 100 day TRM (HR=3.07; 95CI 1.45–6.51; p<0.01) and decreased grade II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) (HR=0.58; 95CI 0.35–0.96; p=0.03). Two-year relapse rate was not significantly different in the two groups. <Conclusion> We conclude that UCBT from an unrelated donor is a therapeutic option for adult AML/MDS patients who lack an HLA-identical donors. Higher mortality, especially from non-relapse causes, is the biggest problem to be solved to increase the feasibility of this approach.

A Study on 'Comfortable Space' for Parent and Child in Urban Area by Age of Infants -Questionnaire survey on behavior of going out for parent and child in Mitaka-city, Tokyo 親子、乳幼児、居場所、活動環境、アンケート調査Parent and Child, Infants, Comfortable Space, Activity Environment, Questionnaire Survey 'Activity environment' for parent and infant and its evaluation by parent was confirmed in this study. Through the questionnaire survey on behavior of going out for parents and children in Mitaka-city, Tokyo, it was clarified that 'activity spaces' where they often go out on weekdays were "parks", "shopping district and stores", "the child-rearing support institution" and so on. In addition, it was surmised that the relationship between parents for children of age 1.5-3 and other people led to selection and utilization of 'activity spaces'.In spite of parents put importance on vicinities to home when they go out, they choose and go to spaces at furthest where they find the other value for them. Thus, it was found that they precisely chose and utilized spaces meeting the needs for their 'Comfortable Space'.