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This paper revisits the relationship between competition and innovation by incorporating the heterogeneity of R&D efficiency across firms and an endogenous market structure in a dynamic general equilibrium model. Using an analytically tractable model, we show that competition and innovation can have either an inverted-U or a negative relationship, as reported by several empirical studies. Furthermore, we show that the effect of strengthening patent protection on innovation depends on the competition level. In particular, we find a complementary relationship between competition policy and the strengthening of patent protection. 4

This paper investigates the effect of seizing illegal imitations within developing countries on imitation, innovation, and economic growth. The model shows four main results. First, a higher seizure rate does not always decrease imitative activity in the South because it may encourage the infringer to commit repeated offenses. Second, the model shows a U-shaped relationship between innovation and the strengthening seizure rate. Third, numerical analysis indicates that a sufficiently high seizure rate that is larger than a critical value is required to enhance economic growth. Finally, unlike seizure, the extended model shows that a prohibition on importing Southern illegal imitations in the North necessarily lowers imitative activities.JEL-Classification: O31, O34, L16.