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The hybrid quantum-classical simulations are performed to investigate the unusual vibrational spectral shifts of a noble-gas hydride HXeCl in matrix environments (in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe matrixes). The high-level ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T) level are employed to construct interaction potential energy surfaces between HXeCl and noble-gas atoms (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). The configurations of noble-gas atoms are sampled by the Monte Carlo simulations and the vibrational levels of HXeCl in the presence of the surrounding noble-gas atoms are solved by the DVR approach. It is found that the H-Xe stretching frequencies are blue-shifted from the isolated gas-phase value in all matrix environments and that the relative blue shifts are in good agreement with the experimental results (Ne < Xe < Kr), demonstrating that the explicit treatment of matrix environments around HXeCl is essential to reproduce the observed unusual vibrational shifts.

Experimental and theoretical studies of HXeI and HXeH molecules in Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices are presented. HXeI exhibits the H–Xe stretching bands at 1238.0 and 1239.0 cm−1 in Ar and Kr matrices, respectively, that are blue-shifted from the HXeI band observed in a Xe matrix (1193 cm−1) by 45 and 46 cm−1. These shifts are larger than those observed previously for HXeCl (27 and 16 cm−1) and HXeBr (37 and 23 cm−1); thus, the matrix effect is stronger for less stable molecules. The results for HXeI are qualitatively different from all previous results on noble-gas hydrides with respect to the frequency order between Ar and Kr matrices. For previously studied HXeCl, HXeBr, and HXeCCH, the H–Xe stretching frequency is reliably (by &gt;10 cm−1) higher in an Ar matrix than in a Kr matrix. In contrast, the H–Xe stretching frequency of HXeI in an Ar matrix is slightly lower than that in a Kr matrix. HXeH absorbs in Ar and Kr matrices at 1203.2 and 1192.1 cm−1 (the stronger band for a Kr matrix), respectively. These bands are blue-shifted from the stronger band of HXeH in a Xe matrix (1166 cm−1) by 37 and 26 cm−1, and this frequency order is the same as observed for HXeCl, HXeBr, and HXeCCH but different from HXeI. The present hybrid quantum-classical simulations successfully describe the main experimental findings. For HXeI in the 〈110〉 (double substitution) site, the order of the H–Xe stretching frequencies (ν(Xe) &lt; ν(Ar) &lt; ν(Kr)) is in accord with the experimental observations, and also the frequency shifts in Ar and Kr matrices from a Xe matrix are well predicted (30 and 34 cm−1). Both in the theory and experiment, the order of the H–Xe stretching frequencies differs from the case of HXeCl, which suggests the adequate theoretical description of the matrix effect. For HXeH in the 〈100〉 (single substitution) site, the order of the frequencies is ν(Xe) &lt; ν(Kr) &lt; ν(Ar), which also agrees with the experiments. The calculated frequency shifts for HXeH in Ar and Kr matrices with respect to a Xe matrix (36 and 23 cm−1) are in a good agreement with the experiments. The present calculations predict an increase of the H–Xe stretching frequencies in the noble-gas matrices with respect to vacuum.

We investigate the vibrational shift of beryllium oxide (BeO) in Xe matrix as well as in Ar matrix environments by mixed quantum-classical simulation and examine the origin of spectral shift in details. BeO is known to form strong chemical complex with single rare gas atom, and it is predicted from the gas phase calculations that vibrational frequencies are blueshifted by 78 cm −1 and 80 cm −1 upon formation of XeBeO and ArBeO, respectively. When the effects of other surrounding rare gas atoms are included by Monte Carlo simulations, it is found that the vibrational frequencies are redshifted by 21 cm −1 and 8 cm −1 from the isolated XeBeO and ArBeO complexes, respectively. The vibrational shift of XeBeO in Ar matrix is also calculated and compared with experimental data. In all simulations examined in this paper, the calculated vibrational frequency shifts from the isolated BeO molecule are in reasonable agreement with experimental values. The spectral shift due to the rare-gas-complex formation of RgBeO (Rg = Xe or Ar) is not negligible as seen in the previous studies, but it is shown in this paper that the effects of other surrounding rare gas atoms should be carefully taken into account for quantitative description of the spectral shifts and that these two effects are competing in vibrational spectroscopy of BeO in matrix environments.

The matrix shifts of the H-Xe stretching frequency of noble-gas hydrides, HXeCCH, HXeBr, and HXeI in various noble-gas matrices (in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices) are investigated via the hybrid quantum-classical simulations. The order of the H-Xe stretching frequencies is found to be ν(gas) < ν(Ne) < ν(Xe) < ν(Kr) < ν(Ar) for HXeCCH and HXeBr, while it is ν(gas) < ν(Ne) < ν(Xe) < ν(Ar) < ν(Kr) for HXeI. This order is anomalous with respect to the matrix dielectric constants, and the calculated results reproduce the experimentally observed shifts quite successfully. We also find that the matrix shifts from the gas-phase values are Δν(HXeCCH) ≈ Δν(HXeCl) < Δν(HXeBr) < Δν(HXeI) in the same noble-gas matrix environments, which implies that the weakly bound molecules exhibit large matrix shifts. The local trapping site is analyzed in detail, and it is shown that a realistic modeling of the surrounding matrix environments is essential to describe the unusual matrix shifts accurately.