A new lipophilic Ru salen complex with cholesterol groups can be efficiently incorporated into liposome bilayers, allowing the photoinduced release of nitric oxide (NO) and the membrane transport of NO to coexisting liposomes.

Inorganic chemical cells (iCHELLs) are compartment structures consisting of polyoxometalates (POMs) and cations, offering structured and confined reaction spaces bounded by membranes. We have constructed a system capable of efficient anisotropic and hierarchical photo-induced electron transfer across the iCHELL membrane. Mimicking photosynthesis, our system uses proton gradients between the compartment and the bulk to drive efficient conversion of light into chemical energy, producing hydrogen upon irradiation. This illustrates the power of the iCHELL approach for catalysis, where the structure, compartmentalisation and variation in possible components could be utilised to approach a wide range of reactions.

Spherical monodispersed (SM) silica particles of up to 0 .8ƒÊm were obtained from ethanol solution of readily available Si(OEt)4 containing seeded silica. Growth in polydispersed system was also carried out in the same manner. Successive polydispersed growths showed an equal rate of increase in all particle diameter modes, suggesting that seeded silica grew by a polynuclear (surface reaction controlled) mechanism. Nielsen's chronomal analysis of the monodispersed growth also suggested the polynuclear mechanism with an exponent of polynuclear p=3or4.

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