These findings provide evidence of smaller globus pallidus volume in patients with OCD without the potentially confounding effects of prior psychotropic drug exposure. Volumetric abnormalities in the anterior cingulate gyrus appear specific to the gray matter in OCD, at least at the gross anatomic level, and are consistent with findings of functional neuroimaging studies that have reported anterior cingulate hypermetabolism in the disorder.

Background Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor of infancy, yet its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Notch family members are known to play a role in vascular development during embryogenesis and postnatal tumor angiogenesis, yet the role of Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of IH has not been investigated. This study aims to survey Notch expression in IH. Materials & Methods RNA from resected hemangioma tissue and hemangioma-derived stem cells (HemSCs) and endothelial cells (HemECs) were used for gene expression analyses by real-time PCR. Results were confirmed with immunofluorescence (IF) for protein expression in tissue. Results Real-time PCR showed that Notch family gene expression in IH is distinct from placenta and skin. Notch3 is expressed in HemSCs, but not in HemECs, indicating Notch3 is downregulated as HemSCs differentiate into HemECs. Moreover, expression of endothelial-associated Notch proteins, Notch1, -4, and Jagged-1 are increased in involuting hemangiomas and HemECs, suggesting that as hemangioma progresses towards involution, it acquires more differentiated endothelium. A subset of cells stained double positive for Notch3 and CD31, pointing to a potential intermediate between the HemSC cellular differentiation into HemEC. Conclusion HemSCs have distinct Notch expression patterns from differentiated HemECs and from normal human endothelial cells. Notch3 is expressed in HemSCs while Notch1, Notch4, and Jagged-1 have higher expression levels in HemECs. Notch3 was localized to the interstitial cells outside of the nascent vascular channels in proliferating IH tissue sections, but became more apparent in the perivascular cells in involuting IH. In summary, the pattern of Notch gene expression mirrors the progression from immature cells to endothelial-lined vascular channels (i.e., endothelial differentiation) that characterizes the growth and involution of IH.

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Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are benign tumors composed of ganglion cells in a Schwannian stroma.They are derived from neural crest cells that give rise to the sympathetic nervous system.Hence, GNs can be found anywhere a sympathetic ganglion is present. Most commonly, GNs are found in the posterior mediastinum and abdominal cavity. Within the abdominal cavity, they are most likely to be found in the retroperitoneal space or adrenal glands. Cutaneous involvement is uncommon and rarely reported in literature. We report an interesting case of a cutaneous ganglioneuroma on the abdomen of an 83-year-old male.

Papular acrodermatitis of childhood, or Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, is a symmetric papular or papulovesicular acral exanthem associated with several infectious agents and immunizations. We present a case of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome appearing shortly after H1N1-influenza vaccination. This has not been previously reported to our knowledge.