Patients undergoing adenoidectomy for upper airway obstruction are likely to be at an increased risk of subsequent tonsillectomy when compared with those with other indications. Within this subgroup of patients with upper airway obstruction, young age, female sex, and large tonsil size may further increase the risk of subsequent tonsillectomy.

included age, gender, Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life screening, and DDK rates. Results:The mean DDK rates of each age and gender are presented. There was no statistically significant difference between boys and girls of the same age (P < .05). There was a statistically significant difference in children ages 4 to 11 years when compared with children ages 12 to 18 years (P < .001).Conclusion: Pediatric DDK rate is similar between boys and girls of the same age. Faster DDK rates are seen in children over 12 years of age, regardless of gender, when compared with those children younger than 12 years. The normative data presented represents the most comprehensive DDK database in the English language. Pediatric OtolaryngologyPediatric Enuresis, Sleep Apnea, and Adenotonsillectomy Anita Jeyakumar, MD, MS (presenter); Eric S. Armbrecht; Syed I. Rahman; Ron B. Mitchell, MD Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children diagnosed with sleep disordered breathing and the effect of adenotonsillectomy on enuresis.Method: A systematic analysis of the literature was performed from 1980 to 2010 on patients who had documented sleep disordered breathing, along with data collection on enuresis. Data were noted if the patient underwent adenotonsillectomy (T&A) with follow-up documentation on enuresis.Results: A total of 14 studies (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) were reviewed. The total number of subjects was 21,744 to 51.77% were male. The age range was 18 months -19 years. The prevalence of SDB was 16.3% (3,550 subjects), and 31% (or 1,113 subjects) had preoperative enuresis. We analyzed 7 studies with posttonsillectomy follow-up. Mean sample size was 194, median follow-up was 6 months, and age range was 2 to 18 years. The preoperative and postoperative prevalence of enuresis were 32% (408/1,274 enrolled subjects) and 16%, respectively, based on the available sample of 587 subjects. Conclusion:Sleep-disordered breathing in children has a higher prevalence of nocturnal enuresis as compared with the general population. Adenotonsillectomy has a favorable therapeutic effect on enuresis in children with SDB. There is a need for further prospective trials. Pediatric Otolaryngology Predictors of Tonsillectomy after Previous Adenoidectomy for Upper Airway ObstructionEliav GovAri, MD (presenter); Jonathan Mills, MD; Keith BaslerObjective: 1) Characterize risk factors for subsequent tonsillectomy in pediatric patients undergoing primary adenoidectomy for upper airway obstruction.2) Compare rates of subsequent tonsillectomy between adenoidectomy patients with and without upper airway obstruction.Method: A retrospective cohort of patients undergoing adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy at the University of Missouri between 1995 and 2010 was examined using billing records and selected chart review. A nested case-control study with detailed chart review was then conducted to determine predictors of subsequent tonsillectomy in patients with upper airway obstruction.R...

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We report a case of Mycobacterium colombiense in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient who presented with tender cervical lymphadenopathy that progressed to a fistulous tract. The identification, treatment, and management of infection with this pathogen are discussed. This represents the first case to our knowledge of infection with this organism in the United States.