The aim of the study was to compare five different pain assessment scales for use with people with different levels of cognitive impairment who resided in nursing homes. The verbal rating scale, horizontal numeric rating scale, Faces pictorial scale, color analogue scale and mechanical visual analogue scale were presented in random order to 113 residents. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. The use of the verbal rating scale was the most successful with this group, completed by 80.5% overall, and 36% of those with severe cognitive impairment. Repeated explanation improved completion rates for all the scales. Consistency between scores on the five scales was good for those with none to moderate cognitive impairment and poor for those severely impaired. This study showed no difference in pain scores according to cognitive status.

It seems that there may be no 'precise' terminology associated with the language used to define spirituality, raising possible implications for nursing practice and nurse education.

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