Maintaining and supporting complex systems within a developing world context has many challenges including dealing with systems that are being operated beyond their designed life or where obsolescence is a major concern. Current methodologies to develop an integrated logistics support system (ILSS) are based on assumptions that are not valid in all cases, and a more robust framework with grounded design rules is required.The approach followed in developing the grounded technological rules was by deconstructing the available ILSS and related literature six case studies into the a framework. After analysis of this qualitative work, a third phase was added on where a questionnaire was used to explore the key areas of concern. Some of the insights regarding obsolete and beyond life complex systems were found to be: the effect of obsolescence is significantly wider than the obsolescence and retirement element of the existing frameworks; obsolescence planning must be done on reliability data for the specific operating environment, it is essential to understand technological changes and scan continuously for the impact on system or component obsolescence and that a risk based approach is essential to develop a obsolescence plan as part of the ILSS.

The business environment is constantly changing. For organisations to gain competitive advantage, they require innovative methods to achieve future business goals. The capital assets of an organisation, such as its high-technology, complex systems, typically have long life-cycles, and are susceptible to obsolescence, requiring multifaceted support. Implementing integrated logistic support principles in supporting such systems improves the organisation's bottom line and reduces the total ownership and life-cycle costs. The research consists of a literature review, a case study analysis, and a questionnaire. OPSOMMINGDie sake-omgewing verander voortdurend. Om ʼn kompeterende voordeel te verkry benodig organisasies innoverende metodes om toekomstige besigheidsdoelwitte te behaal. Die kapitaalbates van ʼn organisasie, soos hoë-vlak tegnologie en komplekse stelsels het tipies lang leefsiklusse en is geneig om te verouder, wat veelsydige ondersteuning vereis. Die implementering van logistiese ondersteuningsbeginsels in sulke stelsels verbeter die organisasie se winsgrens en verminder die totale eienaarskap-en leefsikluskostes. Hierdie navorsing bestaan uit ʼn literatuurstudie, ʼn gevallestudie analise en ʼn meningsopname vraelys.

Supporting and maintaining complex systems in developing countries has numerous challenges, especially in systems that suffer from obsolescence and operate beyond their designed life. Existing methodologies in developing an integrated logistics support system (ILSS) in developed countries are based on resources that are readily available, while in developing countries this is not always the case, and so grounded design rules within a robust framework are required. Various methods and six case studies of high technology systems were used for this paper. Obsolescence effects are considerably wider than the retirement and obsolescence component of present frameworks. OPSOMMING Ondersteuning en instandhouding van komplekse stelsels in ontwikkelende lande het talle uitdagings, veral in stelsels wat verouder en langer as hul ontwerpslewe bedryf word. Bestaande metodologieë vir die ontwikkeling van 'n geïntegreerde logistieke ondersteuningstelsel in ontwikkelde lande berus op hulpbronne wat geredelik beskikbaar is, terwyl dit in ontwikkelende lande nie altyd die geval is nie. Daar word ook grondige ontwerpreëls binne 'n robuuste raamwerk vereis. Gemengde metodes is aangewend en ses gevallestudies van hoëtegnologie stelsels is vir hierdie studie gebruik. Verouderingseffekte is aansienlik wyer as die aftrede-en verouderingskomponent van bestaande raamwerke.

Context Following centuries of intense human exploitation, the global stocks of hawksbill turtle have decreased precipitously and the species is currently considered Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Australia supports the largest breeding aggregations worldwide; however, there are no accurate estimates of population abundance and seasonality for hawksbill turtles at important nesting grounds in eastern Arnhem Land. Aims This study was designed to fill in this lack of ecological information and assist with the conservation and management of hawksbill turtles. More specifically, our overarching goals were to assess nesting seasonality, habitat preferences and provide the first estimate of annual nesting population size at a Northern Territory rookery. Methods In 2009 and 2010 we collected beach monitoring, satellite telemetry and sand temperature data over two nesting seasons at a group of three islands located 30 km off Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia. We subsequently analysed these data to unravel hawksbill nesting behaviour and reproductive outputs, and examined the vulnerability of this rookery to climate change. Key results Hawksbill turtle nesting seasonality consistently started in mid-May, peaked in mid-August and ended in late November. Annual nesting abundance showed a near 3-fold increase between 2009 and 2010, with an average of 220 and 580 hawksbill females nesting on this island group respectively. Sand temperature at 50 cm reached more than 30°C at all monitored sites during most of the peak of the incubation period. Conclusions This remote and untouched group of islands constitutes a major hawksbill turtle rookery both nationally and globally. While anthropogenic impacts and predation are low year round, climate change threatens to skew hatchling sex ratios, eventually leading to an increase in hatchling mortality. Implications Additional ground-based surveys are required to refine the accuracy of population estimates presented in this study. Given the paucity of data in the region, we recommend this island group off Groote Eylandt be used as a population-monitoring index site for the eastern Arnhem Land hawksbill turtle breeding aggregation.

The link between reverse logistics and logistics is being increasingly noted by logistics experts and researchers globally, especially in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies. This has led to the examination of reverse logistics challenges in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies. The main objective was to examine reverse logistics challenges in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies in the City of Tshwane (South Africa). The study aimed to find approaches to deal with the challenges of reverse logistics such as gatekeeping, managerial implications, technology, waste elimination, transportation, and product recalls within the industry. The study was empirical, and a quantitative approach was used. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted by using the Stata V13 statistical software where a descriptive analysis was employed. Questionnaires were posted via SurveyMonkey to the staff at fifty pharmaceutical companies. This resulted in a total of 127 respondents, which provided a response rate of 51%. The findings indicated that manufacturing pharmaceutical companies face a variety of challenges; such as lack of skills and skills transfer, transport, and gatekeeping (amongst others), when dealing with reverse logistics. It is thus recommended that processes and strategies involved in reverse logistics should be known and taken into consideration because of the importance of reverse logistics in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01291 Full Text: PDF