Judges selected from ISCC-NBS patches those colors which were most representative of red, yellow, green, and blue. These colors were presented for 1 min. each with GSR, heart rate, and respiration being recorded. There was a significant color effect on GSR but not on the other measures. Red was significantly more arousing than blue or yellow and green more than blue.

Effects of the four psychological primary colors were assessed by randomly assigning 40 undergraduates (13 male, 27 female) to 4 treatment groups, with each group receiving either red, yellow, green, or blue illumination. Anxiety state was assessed at 5-min. intervals using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The red and yellow groups had significantly higher A-state scores than the blue and green groups, and these values did not change significantly during the 15-min. testing session.

To study the role of color in the pscyhological effects of placebo drugs, 100 subjects were asked to place each of six different colored capsules into one of three classifications of drug effects. Results indicate that red and yellow placebos are classified as stimulants while blue placebos are classified as depressants.

If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractThe prospect of state funding for foundation programmes has heralded a new interest in such programmes in the Higher Education sector. Already the proposed funding frameworks appear to be influencing the nature of foundation curricula. Against this background Peninsula Technikon is currently implementing pilot foundation programmes in Mechanical and Civil Engineering. This pilot draws on an integrated, extended curriculum model emerging in the Engineering faculty, which uses a focus subject from the mainstream programme around which to build the foundation curriculum. This paper presents a multi-level analysis of policy articulation regarding foundation programmes, from a mode 2 (Gibbons 1994) perspective which emphasises the need for learning to be applied in reallife, problem-solving contexts which transcend disciplinary boundaries and reflect issues of importance to society. It examines this policy and responses to it, at the macro level of state and the Higher Education (HE) sector, as well as the micro level of an individual HE institution and two academic departments. Finally suggestions are made as to why and how articulation from the micro to the macro level could enhance policy implementation.

When a series of statistical tests are employed in the same experiment, the researcher is obligated to consider the error rate (probability of making a type I error) in terms of the experiment, not merely in terms of each comparison. A table is provided for the rapid determination of experimentwise alpha level when a number of independent statistical tests are employed in the same experiment. Suggested applications and the rationale for this procedure are supplied.MosT published research today appears to be based on a number of statistical comparisons within the same experiment. A number of studies have appeared in which two groups of subjects are differentiated using a number of dependent variables and testing each as a separate hypothesis using a series of univariate t tests; other examples are situations in which each adjective pair in the Semantic Differential is treated as a dependent variable, and where repeated t tests are used in place of a more appropriate one-way analysis of variance or multiple comparison procedure. The leading argument against using repeated statistical tests in the same experiment is that the error rate (alpha, or probability of making a type I error) following the repeated tests is not the same as the experimentwise error rate which has been advocated by Ryan (1959Ryan ( , 1962 and others.There are a number of alternatives available to test repeated hypotheses at known alpha levels. Even the novice scientist realizes that a series of t tests are less appropriate in most studies than the one-way 1