Waste management has been a major challenge in Nigeria. Waste generation has consistently expanded both in volume and complexity. Literature has shown that Nigeria generates about 25-45million tonnes of waste per annum, most of which are not recycled. The waste management structure largely in operation is a linear system of waste generation, collection/transportation and disposal. Waste management in Nigeria is faced with several challenges including feasible waste management structure. Sadly enough, the ill management of solid waste in the country has impacted on the environment and on human health. It is on this note that the authors decided to review the solid waste structure in Nigeria, with a view to proffering a schematic structure for the actualization of integrated solid waste management in Nigeria. Integrated solid waste management refers to the strategic approach to sustainable management of solid wastes covering all sources and all aspects, covering generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment, recovery and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis on maximizing resource use efficiency. In other words, the proposed structure will encourage the use of waste as a resource, thereby reducing potential health, social and economic impact of ill management. It is recommended that in addition to the implementation of ISWM, integration of the informal waste management sector should be considered. Contribution/Originality:This study contributes to the existing literature on solid waste management in Nigeria, proffering a schematic for sustainable solid waste management in the country. Following studies on the loopholes and associated impact of the current solid waste handling methods in the country a structure for solid waste management is expedient. INTRODUCTIONWaste is a part of human existence. Wherever humans exist, waste is always generated. Waste exist in different forms as gaseous, liquid or solid Figure 1. Various classifications apply in waste categorization, these include: Domestic waste, Construction waste, Agricultural waste, Industrial waste, Municipal waste (these kinds of waste are categorized based on their source); biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste (this is based on the ability of the waste to be disintegrated by natural processes of the environment within human lifetime); Hazardous and non-hazardous waste (based on their potential to cause harm, injury and/or death). The hazardous nature of waste depends on the source. Waste in this context refers to materials that are no longer relevant to the owner

Contribution/Originality: This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated household waste generation in Taraba State, Northeast Nigeria. A lot has been written on solid waste management, Liquid wastes and municipal waste management in the study area, but curiously, scholars have either neglected or have chosen to form a blind eye to the rising challenges of household solid waste management in Jalingo. It is this gap that this research intends to fill. 1. INTRODUCTION Waste is the by-product of living organisms. It is mandatory that all living organisms must produce waste and when they die, they also become waste themselves. Household wastes in most cases are solid in nature, therefore, when talking about household wastes, solid waste quickly comes to mind. Household waste and solid waste are inseparable this is because studies have shown that a large chunk of household wastes emanates from the kitchen, and kitchen wastes are usually solid with little or no liquid content in them. Nkwocha et al. (2019) defined solid waste as materials or substances which are regarded as un-useful by its producers or handlers and therefore discarded. Household waste is defined as a type of solid waste which is generated from residential buildings. Hakami

The study examined efficiency and seasonal variations in municipal wastewater treatment in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Wastewater treatment data from year 2015 to 2018 were analysed and compared with National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency permissible limit. The data were analysed to determine if seasonal variations exist in the performance of the wastewater treatment plant. The study was undertaken in the wastewater treatment plant located at Wupa, Abuja. The result obtained show that in 2015 a high reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (84.6%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (85.4%) with excellent pH value (7.3pH, 90.8%) was achieved. In 2016, there was a significantly high level of treatment in Faecal Coliform (99.1%), BOD (93.4%), total suspended solids (TSS) (91.7%), COD (87.6%), and Ammonia (71.5%). In 2017, the level of treatment for BOD, COD and TSS were 97.2%, 95.7% and 95.4% respectively. While in 2018, removal efficiency of BOD was 95.2%, COD 91.6% and TSS 90.6%. The result also revealed that the observed values of the biochemical parameters are considerably lower when compared with the National Environmental Standards, Regulations and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) standards (i.e., p<0.05). The seasonal comparative result shows that the BOD total in dry season is significantly higher compared to the rainy season (t*=-3.553, p=0.001<0.05). The average COD in rainy season is slightly lower compared to that in dry season, and however, statistically insignificant (t*=-1.690, p=0.098). The TSS and pH values in rainy season are slightly and insignificantly lower compared with the values in the dry season. Continuous monitoring is recommended.

Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few studies which have identified the community based adaptation approach as the best adaptation strategy to the impacts of climate emergency in urban Maiduguri. INTRODUCTIONSteady rise in global average temperature, rising sea levels, continuous extension of desert areas and shifting weather patterns are threatening the existence of man and ecosystems on earth. The effects and impacts of climate change are unprecedented in scale and a global threat. If precautions are not taken quite early, adapting to these

This study is one of very few studies which have investigated land-use and landcover changes and its implications to flooding along Omambala flood plain, Anambra State. The research demonstrated the ability of GIS and remote sensing in capturing spatial-temporal data for land-use, land-cover changes and flood incidence studies.