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N 1929 Mallory and Weiss reported several I cases of lacerations at the gastro-oesophageal junction. These cases had a history of severe haematemesis and the findings were made at post-mortem examination. Less than 30 cases have been reported since 1929 and in most of these the diagnosis was made in the same way.On 4th September, 1960, a 56-year-old male was admitted to Royal Prince Alfred Hospital with a history of haematemesis of short duration. He had a twelve-year history of suspected duodenal ulcer, a moderate alcohol intake and he smoked 60 cigarettes a day. He also suffered from early morning tomiting and regurgitation over the same twelveyear period. On the day of admission he drank 5 or 6 glasses of beer, ate his dinner, drank 2 more glasses of beer, felt a little nauseated, vomited food and then a considerable quantity of blood.After the haematemesis he was admitted to hospital and complained of severe lower retrosternal knifelike pain when vomiting or retching but completely absent between bouts. He was hypotensive and his recent history suggested cardiac angina. Electrocardiogram after admission showed myocardial ischaemia but no evidence of recent infarction.In view of his age, the history of possible duodenal ulcer and the continued bleeding, it was considered advisable to submit him to laparotomy. His blood loss was replaced as quickly as possible and he underwent operation on the afternoon of admission.After the abdomen was opened, careful search of the stomach and duodenum failed to show a chronic ulcer but there was a considerable quantity of blood in the stomach and small bowel. A firm nodule was palpated in the head of the pancreas, the duodenum was opened but no abnormality was found. A gastrotomy was performed and after a very painstaking search a laceration was demonstrated at the gastrooesophageal junction on the posterior wall. The laceration extended for about 0.5 cm. into the oesophagus and down the long axis of the stomach for 3.5 cm. It was 0.5 cm. wide and prnetrated the mucosa into the muscle coat. No bleeding point was demonstrated but blood clot was adherent to the floor of the tear.
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